This study was performed to analyze the effect of forest education on juvenile probationers'psychological and emotional changes. Changes of resilience, mood state and attitudes toward forest of 272 juvenile probationers, who attended forest education program co-managed by Korea Forest Service and Ministry of Justice in 2016, were identified by self-report survey. Survey analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and paired t-test with IBM SPSS 21.0 program. The forest education program consisted of physical activity, emotional activity, cognitive activity, challenging activity and problem solving activity (e.g. physical exercises in the forest, forest meditation, observing forest with mirror, talking with trees, creating with natural objects, etc.). The result was as follows: First, it showed that program using forest education activities for juvenile probationers has an effect on the development of resilience. Second, it showed that program using forest education activities for juvenile probationers had an effect on the improvement of mood state. Third, it showed that program using forest education activities for juvenile probationers had an effect on the development of attitudes toward forest. It showed that program using forest education activities for juvenile probationers had an effect on the development of enjoying the forest and importance and usefulness of forest by sub-factors of attitudes toward forest. Therefore the result came out that forest education program had influence on positive change of juvenile probationers' resilience, mood state and increase of attitude towards forest. This study had a limitation to generalize the result of the study for the limited case, but forest education was expected to help the social adaptation and development of the at-risk youth who was exposed to the current risk. The next study need for various experts'cooperation to develop customized forest education programs for juvenile probationers and continuous monitoring of the effect.
Background: This study sought to analyze the structural relationships between optimism, distress tolerance, grief avoidance, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and psychological well-being among undergraduates who have experienced a loss. Methods: Subjects comprised 435 university students (258 females and 177 males), with their duration of grief experience and the elapsed period from when the loss occurred having been taken into consideration. Results: Distress tolerance, grief avoidance, intrusive rumination, and deliberate rumination mediated the relationship between optimism and psychological well-being sequentially. Additionally, there were significant differences between the "less than 6 months" and "more than 6 months" groups in the structural relationships between optimism, distress tolerance, grief avoidance, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and psychological well-being. Conclusions: The direct path of grief avoidance to psychological well-being was not significant, but it was found to have a significant effect through the sequential mediations of intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination. This result suggests the need for active intervention to allow people to face and cope with life after a loss, without avoiding the loss experience.
The purpose of this study was to examine the moderated mediating effect of sense of control through loneliness on the relationship among perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and self-integrity in older adults. 230 older adults(65 and over) in senior-related facilities located in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do participated and 199 data analyzed by multiple regression analysis and PROCESS model 14. There was the mediating effect of loneliness the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and self-integrity, and also the mediating effect of loneliness the relationship between thwarted belongingness and self-integrity was found. Lastly there was the moderated mediating effect of sense of control through loneliness on the relationship among perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and self-integrity. It suggested that the effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on self-integrity through loneliness were found to vary according to the level of self-control. Based on these research results, proposals for direction of intervention in counseling for older adults to achieve successful aging, significance and limitations of the study, and implications of subsequent studies were discussed.
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