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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as effective diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in many diseases, but the potential of using this easy‐to‐monitor and highly stable materials for diagnosing Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unexplored. Here, aiming to identify potential CAP‐related circRNAs in peripheral blood and seeking to deepen the understanding of how circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory networks may contribute to CAP, we applied microarrays profiling analysis and identified 8296 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs between patients with CAP (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 6). Subsequently, we validated the accumulation trends for the top 100 DE circRNAs based on qPCR in an independent validation cohort (30 patients vs 30 controls), and ultimately identified a panel of four circRNAs that perform extremely well as sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosing CAP: hsa_circ_0018429 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.8216), hsa_circ_0026579 (AUC = 0.7733), hsa_circ_0125357 (AUC = 0.7730), and hsa_circ_0099188 (AUC = 0.6978); combined as a panel (AUC = 0.8776). In addition, hsa_circ_0026579 exhibited good performance in differentiating viral from bacterial or mixed infection, with an AUC of 0.863. We also identified 10 miRNAs that most likely to interact with these four circRNAs, and then predicted 205 mRNA target genes. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested highly plausible functional implications related to inflammation and to virus‐infection‐related signaling pathways (such as HTLV‐1 infection and hepatitis B infection). Thus, we generated a genetic network of potential CAP‐related regulatory interactions that should inform future hypothesis‐driven research into the causes and potential treatment of this widespread and frequently fatal disease.

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This paper presents a detailed discussion of the experimental analysis of the external noise produced by a Chinese high-speed train traveling at different speeds. Based on the delay and sum beam-forming method, a microphone array with 78 microphones was used to measure the external noise produced by the train moving at speeds of up to 390 km/h. The experiment and its analysis showed that the main noise produced by the train originates in three areas: the wheel/rail system (or bogies), the pantograph, and the inter-coach gaps of the train. The frequency characteristics and sound exposure level (SEL) of these main sources were analyzed for different speeds. In the range of 5000 Hz, the SELs of the three main noise sources are clearly identified. Along the vertical height of the train, as seen from the rail head, the maximum noise levels always occur in the wheel/rail area. At different measurement field points, the predominant noise components of the total noise have different frequencies that vary with the train speed. Furthermore, at the measurement points, the rolling noise has a greater contribution to the total noise than the aerodynamic noise. The experimental results and their corresponding analysis are very useful for the control and reduction of the external noise produced by high-speed trains.