We propose a graphene plasmonic infrared photodetector tuned by ferroelectric domains and investigate the interfacial effect using the finite element method.
Integration of different functional materials into a device in which the physical properties can be tuned using an electric field in a reversible and nonvolatile manner is highly desired for the fabrication of compact and energy-efficient multifunctional electronic devices. The integration of In 2 O 3based semiconductor thin films with ferroelectric 0.71PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 -0.29PbTiO 3 (PMN-0.29PT) single crystals in ferroelectric-field-effect-transistor devices that allow for the tuning of carrier density, carrier type, Fermi level, and their related properties in a reversible and nonvolatile manner, is reported. Specifically, gating of In 2-x Cr x O 3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.11) films with a PMN-0.29PT layer provides a means to reversibly tune and modulate the resistivity of the films up to an on-and-off ratio of 5.2 × 10 4 % in a nonvolatile manner at room temperature. Such resistivity modulation is associated with reversible and nonvolatile transformation of the carrier type between n-type and p-type due to polarization switching. Additionally, reversible switching of resistivity is realized utilizing DEME-TFSI ionic liquid as a top-gate material. These results demonstrate that electrical-voltage control of physical properties using PMN-xPT as both substrate and gating material provides a highly effective approach to study the carrier-density/type-related physical properties of semiconductor films.
Aim
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors target transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)‐mediated vascular endothelial growth factor to inhibit tumor revascularization and to slow tumor progression. The present study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of TACE combined with lenvatinib (TACE‐lenvatinib) and TACE combined with sorafenib (TACE‐sorafenib) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
The clinical data of patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC who received TACE‐lenvatinib or TACE‐sorafenib between January 2018 and April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor response, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated and compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 112 patients were enrolled and classified into the TACE‐lenvatinib group (n = 53) and the TACE‐sorafenib group (n = 59). The objective response rates of patients in the TACE‐lenvatinib and TACE‐sorafenib groups were 54.7% and 44.1%, respectively (p = 0.260), and the disease control rates (DCRs) were 81.1% and 61.0% (p = 0.020). The median PFS time was significantly longer in the TACE‐lenvatinib group than in the TACE‐sorafenib group (10.7 vs. 6.0 months; p = 0.002). The median OS time between the TACE‐lenvatinib and TACE‐sorafenib groups also showed a significant difference (30.5 vs. 20.5 months, p = 0.018). All treatment‐related AEs and grade 3/4 AEs were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared to TACE‐sorafenib, TACE‐lenvatinib was associated with better DCR, PFS and OS outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC. In subgroups of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B stage or TACE‐refractory patients, TACE‐lenvatinib also showed a trend of superiority.
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