The strong adsorbability of Ag(I) and Hg(II) ions onto fine poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) microparticles synthesized through a chemically oxidative polymerization of o-phenylenediamine was systematically examined and PoPD/Ag nanocomposites were facilely prepared through the reactive sorption method. The effect of the (NH4)2S2O8 oxidant/o-phenylenediamine monomer ratio on the polymerization yield, macromolecular structure, conductivity, and insolubility of the PoPD microparticles was studied. The Ag(I) adsorbability of the microparticles was significantly optimized by varying the oxidant/monomer ratio, doping state, Ag(I) concentration, sorption time, and solution pH. The Ag(I) adsorbance steadily increases with changing oxidant/monomer molar ratio from 3/1 to 1/1, reaching up to the highest Ag(I) adsorbance of 533 mg.g(-1) at the oxidant/monomer ratio of 1/1. The sorption process fits the pseudosecond-order kinetics. The sorption is rapid because both the adsorbance and adsorptivity within 30 min reach up to 76% of the final values. The initial sorption rate of silver ions obtained from the pseudosecond-order equation is 12.9 mg.g(-1).min(-1). The highest adsorptivity of silver ions is up to 99.1%. The optimal solution pH for Ag(I) sorption is around 5.0. The sorption mechanism may include the chelation and redox reaction between Ag(I) ions and amine/imine groups on the PoPD chains. Similarly, the microparticles also have powerful Hg(II) adsorbability with 96.7% adsorptivity at an initial Hg(II) concentration of 4 mM. Competitive sorption between Ag(I) and Hg(II) in their mixture solution onto the microparticles was studied, exhibiting a preferential sorption toward Ag(I). The microparticles as a cost-effective sorbent demonstrate a promising application in the removal and even recovery of heavy-metal ions from wastewater. The PoPD/Ag nanocomposites possess (1) high Ag content of 34.8 wt %, (2) small diameter of Ag nanoparticles of around 10-20 nm, (3) narrow size distribution, (4) intrinsic electrical conductivity that is much higher than that of original PoPD microparticles without Ag.

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Novel core/shell structured multi-walled carbon nanotube/amorphous carbon (MWCNT@AC) nanohybrids were successfully prepared using a simple and novel method. Subsequently, the MWCNT@AC nanohybrids were used as fillers to enhance the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based composites. It is found that the dielectric constant of the MWCNT@AC/PVDF composites can reach 5910 (the dielectric loss is ∼2), which is considerably better than that of MWCNT/PVDF composites. The uniform amorphous carbon shell provides an insulative layer between adjacent MWCNTs in the polymer matrix, which not only prevents the direct contact of MWCNTs but also improves the dispersibility of the MWCNTs. Therefore, a surprising number of microcapacitors could be formed in the composites before the formation of a conductive network, leading to a gigantic enhancement in the dielectric properties. Our strategy provides a new approach to fabricate excellent dielectric materials for energy storage capacitors. In addition, the design concept used in this work can be extended to other carbon materials.