New Findings What is the central question of this study?What is the effect and mechanism of interval running training on age‐related muscle wasting and bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model? What is the main finding and its importance?Interval running training improved muscle growth and osteogenic differentiation by enhancing the expression of bone morphogenic proteins and sirtuins in ageing‐induced ovariectomized rats. Therefore, the repetition of low and high intensities within a single exercise bout, such as interval running training, may be recommended as a practical intervention to prevent skeletal muscle wasting and bone loss in the elderly. Abstract Effective prophylactic strategies are needed for the suppression of age‐related muscle wasting and bone loss after menopause. Exercise training is attractive due to its potential for improving energy metabolism, as well as age‐related muscle wasting and bone loss. In particular, interval running (IR) training involves a repetition of low and high intensities within a single exercise bout. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of interval training on muscle and bone health, as well as anti‐ageing, in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The anti‐ageing effect of IR on muscle and bone was tested using western blotting and micro‐computed tomography analysis, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and immunohistochemical staining. IR significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory molecules, and improved antioxidant activity via down‐regulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the ageing‐induced OVX rats skeletal muscle. IR compared with continuous running (CR) improved muscle mass and growth in OVX rats by the promotion of muscle growth‐related factors including MyoD, myogenin, phospho‐mechanistic target of rapamycin (p‐mTOR), sirtuins (SIRTs), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). IR also effectively recovered OVX‐induced bone loss via the down‐regulation of bone resorption and osteoclast formation in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)‐treated bone marrowmacrophages (BMMs). In particular, IR led to high expression of SIRT1 and 6, which promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone formation via modulating the BMP signalling pathway compared with CR training. The in vivo effect of IR was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with the improvement of bone formation molecules such as BMPs and SIRTs. These results suggested that IR training affected myogenic and osteogenic formation. So, IR training may be considered for prevention of muscle wasting and bone loss for the elderly.
Purpose:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the influence of implant diameter, length and placement to implant stability. Materials and methods: Total 90 implants (US II plus TM , Osstem co, Busan, Korea) of 72 patients were determined as experimental samples. The factors of diameters(ø 4 mm, ø 5 mm), lengths (10 mm, 11.5 mm, 13 mm), and implant placement (maxilla, mandible) were analyzed. The stability of the implants was measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at the time of implant placement and impression taking. The difference of ISQ values according to patient's gender was evaluated by Independent t-test. ISQ values were compared between implant diameter, length and placement using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (α =.05). To compare ISQ values between at the time of surgery and impression taking, paired t-tests were used (α =.05). Results: The change of implant length did not show significant different on the ISQ value (P>.05). However, 5 mm diameter implants had higher ISQ values than 4 mm diameter implants (P<.05). Implants placed on the mandible showed significantly higher ISQ values than on the maxilla (P<.05). Conclusion: In order to increase implant stability, it is better to select the wider implant, and implants placed on mandible are possible to get higher stability than maxilla. ISQ values at impression taking showed higher implant stability than ISQ values at implant placement, it means that RFA is clinically effective method to evaluate the change of implant stability through the osseointegration. The consideration of the factors which may affect to the implant stability will help to determine the time of load applying and increase the implant success rate. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2013;51:269-75)
The prolonged neglect of the posterior teeth missing area may cause mesial drift, extrusion, unexpected movement of the adjacent teeth and alveolar bone loss with occlusion collapse. Therefore it is recommended to treat that area by the prosthesis as soon as possible after tooth missing. However, if orthodontic treatment is applied to move the remained teeth, it can create improved biomechanical dentoalveolar environment. The use of the third molars in teeth missing area provides advantages as optimizing of prosthesis size. However, crown shape, location, soundness of the third molar and possible of eruption failure should be considered. In this case report, two patients closed a second teeth missing site and reduced the size of the first and second teeth missing area for an implant by protraction of impacted third molars. This case reports the considerations for closing or reducing the posterior teeth space with protracting the third molars by comparing two patients.
Proper positioning of maxillary incisors is key to success of surgery combined treatment. Establishing surgery plan would be a difficult job if maxillary incisors are lost. Patient who lost all of her maxillary incisors due to accident came for orthodontic treatment. Through careful modification of maxillary archform, pre-surgical orthodontic treatment was conducted with four prosthetic space consolidation. Position of incisors was decided by help of 3D prosthetic setup , and 1-jaw surgery was planned. After relative short treatment period of 28 months, final prosthesis was done. When alveolar bone loss happens, harmonious prosthesis of upper incisors is difficult. Utilizing mandibular setback surgery and incisor positioning using 3D setup could make a better environment for treatment outcome. Strategic pre-surgical orthodontic treatment can allow shorter time and less number of prosthetics.
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