PurposeShort life expectancy influences decision-making when treating very old patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We investigated mortality and survival duration in very old AIS patients (≥ 80 years) who received hospital care.Patients and MethodsMortality data were obtained from medical records, structured telephone inquiries, death certificates from the Korean National Statistical Office, and social security data 5 ± 1.9 years after stroke onset. Age, gender, vascular risk factors, and functional outcomes from modified Rankin scales (MRS) at discharge were analyzed as predictors of mortality.ResultsAmong 134 patients, 92 (68.7%) died. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, duration of survival of patients aged 80 - 84 years was longer than those aged 85 - 89 or 90 - 94 (24 ± 6.4, 8 ± 7.3, 7 ± 2.0 months, respectively, p = 0.002). Duration of survival of patients discharged in a state of MRS 0 - 1 was longer than the remaining groups at 47 ± 4.8 months (p < 0.001). In Cox proportional hazard analysis, age and MRS at discharge were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionLong-term outcomes of very old patients with AIS are not uniformly grave, therefore predictors of mortality and estimated duration of survival should be considered during decision- making for treatment.
In closed wet cooling towers, the heat transfer between the air and external tube surfaces can be composed of the sensible heat transfer and the latent heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient can be obtained from the equation for external heat transfer of tube banks. According to experimental data, the mass transfer coefficient was affected by the air velocity and spray water flow rate. This study provides the correlation equation for mass transfer coefficient based on the analogy of the heat and mass transfer and the experimental data. The results from this correlation equation showed fairly good agreement with experimental data. The cooling capacity and thermal efficiency of the closed wet cooling tower were calculated from the correlation equation to analyze the performance of heat exchanger for the tower.
To our knowledge, there has been no report of sertraline-induced or aggravated parkinsonian motor symptoms in DLB patients. Our patient had a short period with neither dementia nor parkinsonism during the early stage of his illness, and this period might have been regarded as the preclinical stage of DLB in the natural course of his illness.
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