Due to the relatively weak early fault characteristics of rolling bearings, the difficulty of early fault detection increases. For unsolving this problem, an incipient fault detection method based on deep empirical mode decomposition and principal component analysis (Deep EMD-PCA) is proposed. In this method, multiple data processing layers are created to extract weak incipient fault features, and EMD is used to decompose the vibration signal. This method establishes an accurate data mode, which can improve the incipient fault detection capability. It overcomes the difficulties of incipient fault detection, in which weak fault features can be extracted from the background of strong noise. From a theoretical point of view, this paper proves that the Deep EMD-PCA method can retain more variance information and has a good early fault detection ability. The experiment results indicate that the detection rate of Deep EMD-PCA is about 85%, and the failure detection delay time is almost zero. The incipient faults of rolling element bearings can be detected accurately and timely by Deep EMD-PCA. The method effectively improves the accuracy and timeliness of fault detection under actual working conditions and has good practical application value.
The incipient fault detection technology of rolling bearings is the key to ensure its normal operation and is of great significance for most industrial processes. However, the vibration signals of rolling bearings are a set of time series with non-linear and timing correlation, and weak incipient fault characteristics of rolling bearings bring about obstructions for the fault detection. This paper proposes a nonlinear dynamic incipient fault detection method for rolling bearings to solve these problems. The kernel function and the moving window algorithm are used to establish a non-linear dynamic model, and the real-time characteristics of the system are obtained. At the same time, the deep decomposition method is used to extract weak fault characteristics under the strong noise, and the incipient failures of rolling bearings are detected. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the scheme are verified by two simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the fault detection rate based on the proposed method is higher than 85% for incipient fault of rolling bearings, and the detection delay is almost zero. Compared with the detection performance of traditional methods, the proposed nonlinear dynamic incipient fault detection method is of better accuracy and applicability.
As a part of the energy transmission chain, gearboxes are considered as important components in rotating machines, and the gearbox failure results in costly economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the appearance of incipient gearbox faults by implementing an appropriate detected model. The incipient failure characteristics of the gearbox are weak and hidden in a set of time-varying series signals the vibration signals, which is difficult to effectively extract under the background of strong noise. The PCA method is not effective in detecting weak fault features in time-varying signals, so this paper proposes a method based on Deep Recursive Dynamic Principal Component Analysis (Deep RDPCA) to detect incipient faults in gearboxes. The proposed approach is modeled via both the deep decomposed theorems and time-varying dynamic model based on traditional PCA to extract characteristic of time-varying and weak fault information under the background of strong noise. The proposed method could get a better real-time reflection for changed system by introducing ''Moving Window'' technologies, so that the incipient fault of gearbox could be detected accurately, too. Finally, the effect of Deep RDPCA-based fault diagnosis is compared with the results of PCA, DPCA, RDPCA, Deep PCA, and Deep DPCA methods. It is concluded that the proposed method can effectively capture the time-varying relationship of process variables and accurately extract the weak fault characteristics in the vibration signal, which effectively improves the fault detection performance. INDEX TERMS Gearbox, fault diagnosis, gear failure experiment, feature extraction, Deep RDPCA.
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