Gallstones are solid materials or crystals formed in gallbladder, common bile duct, or in both. Gallstones constitute a significant health problem in developed countries. Epidemiologic studies showed that increasing age was associated with increasing prevalence of gallstones. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of gallstone cases at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from October 2015 to October 2016. This was a retrospective descriptive study. The results showed that there were 113 cases of gallstones. The majority of cases were females, age group 60 years, serum bilirubin ≥3 mg/dl associated with apparent jaundice, and treated with surgery using cholecystectomy laparotomy and cholecystectomy laparoscopy techniques.Keywords: gallstone, profile Abstrak: Batu empedu adalah material atau kristal yang terbentuk dalam di dalam kandung empedu, saluran empedu, atau keduanya. Batu empedu merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan dalam masyarakat berkembang. Studi epidemiologi menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi batu empedu berkaitan dengan meningkatnya usia dan lebih sering ditemukan pada perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien batu empedu di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dalam periode Oktober 2015 - October 2016. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 113 kasus penyakit batu empedu, Majoritas kasus ialah perempuoan, kelompok usia 60 tahun, kadar bilirubin ≥3 mg/dl disertai ikterik yang jelas, dengan penanganan operatif kolesistektomi laparatomi dan kolesistektomi laparoskopik. Kata kunci: batu empedu, profil
AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of death cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We collected clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 patients who died from January 01, 2022, to March 31, 2022, in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia. The patient’s clinical features were obtained from the electronic medical records: Age, sex, history of COVID-19 vaccination, type of vaccine, s-gene target failure (SGTF) result, duration of hospitalization, comorbidities, and cause of death. RESULTS: Seventy-nine medical records of COVID-19 patients treated and died at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia, from January 01, 2022, to March 31, 2022. The mean age of patients was 56-years-old, 57% were males, and 43% were females. The mean duration of hospitalization was 5 days. Most patients (73%) had not received any COVID-19 vaccine. SGTF results showed a probable Omicron variant in 53% of the subject, 13% of non-probable Omicron, and 13% of others who did not have the test. A third of the deceased patients had at least one type of comorbid condition. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity in 66% of our subjects. Most of the issues died due to respiratory failure (63%), and the rest died due to multiple organ failures, septic shock, and cerebrovascular accidents. CONCLUSION: One-third of COVID-19 patients who died at least had one type of comorbidity, commonly diabetes mellitus. Most of the subjects died due to respiratory failure. Most of the deceased patients had not received any COVID-19 vaccination.
Perforated peptic ulcer is a serious complication of peptic ulcer and surgery is the main selected treatment. Nowadays, conservative treatment is performed on highrisk patients or those with poor condition to be operated. Percutaneous drainage using intraabdominal drain under local anaesthesia combined with conservative treatment could improve the patient’s condition and decrease the mortality rate. This was a comparative study between two treatments: laparotomy with simple patch closure under general anesthesia and percutaneous drainage under local anesthesia. The study was conducted at Surgery Department Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from Januari 2014 until the samples were completed. Subjects were obtained by using inclusion ctriteria. The number of samples were: N1 = N2 = 21 with a total of 42. The results showed that among patients with Boey score 3 the mortality of those with percutaneous drainage was lower (8 out of 15 patients; 53.3%) than those with laparotomy (4 out of 5 patients; 80%). Conclusion: Percutaneous drainage combined with conservative treatment was the best treatment among perforated peptic ulcer patients that were highrisk or had Boey score 3.Keywords: perforated peptic ulcer, percutameous drainage, laparotomy, mortalityAbstrak: Perforasi ulkus peptikum merupakan komplikasi serius ulkus peptikum yang mengancam nyawa. Pembedahan merupakan pilihan penanganan utama. Saat ini penanganan konservatif dilakukan pada pasien berisiko tinggi atau dengan kondisi terlalu buruk untuk dilakukan operasi. Drainase perkutan dengan memasukkan drain intraabdominal di bawah anastesi lokal dikombinasikan dengan penanganan konservatif dapat memperbaiki kondisi pasien dan menurunkan angka mortalitas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah studi perbandingan dua tindakan: laparotomi disertai simple patch closure dengan anestesi umum dan drainase perkutan dengan anestesi lokal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bagian Bedah BLU/RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado sejak bulan Januari 2014 sampai sampel tercukupi. Subjek penelitian diambil dari populasi terjangkau yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Besar sampel ialah: N1 = N2 = 21 dengan jumlah total 42. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pada pasien dengan skor Boey 3 didapatkan mortalitas pasien drainase perkutan lebih rendah yaitu 8 dari 15 pasien (53,3%), dibanding laparotomi dengan mortalitas 4 dari 5 pasien (80%). Simpulan: Tindakan drainase perkutan dikombinasi dengan perawatan konservatif merupakan tindakan yang paling baik pada pasien perforasi ulkus peptikum dengan risiko operasi yang tinggi atau pasien dengan skor Boey 3.Kata kunci: perforasi ulkus peptikum, drainase perkutan, laparotomi, mortalitas
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