Background:The incidence of neonatal sepsis (NS) varies from 6 to 9 cases per 1000 live births, but is higher among low-birth-weight neonates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors, antimicrobial use pattern and clinical outcomes of NS at Bishoftu General Hospital, neonatal intensive care unit, Debrezeit-Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested and validated checklists. Results: Among the total 306 neonates (0-28 days of age) recruited, 249 (81.4%) were age ≤7 days, 169 (55.23%) were male, 251 (82%) were attended antenatal care, 136 (44.44%) were low in birth weight (≤2.5 kg) and 155 (50.7%) had total of white blood cell count ≥12000/mm

Selective abrogation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) activity is a highly promising strategy in cancer treatment. The atypical CDK, CDK5 has long been known for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and is becoming an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Myriads of recent studies have uncovered that aberrant expression of CDK5 contributes to the oncogenic initiation and progression of multiple solid and hematological malignancies. CDK5 is also implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell biology. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge of CDK5 as a druggable target for cancer treatment. We also provide a detailed outlook of designing selective and potent inhibitors of this enzyme.

Analysis of the global burden of hypertension revealed that over 26% of the world's adult population had hypertension in 2000 [7,10], and has shown a rapid increase in prevalence affecting significant numbers of individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although there is AbstractHypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and risk factor for cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and kidney disease. Drug therapy problems are a significant challenge to health care providers. It severely compromises the effectiveness of treatment making this a critical issue in population health both from the perspective of quality of life and of health economics. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the pattern and magnitude of drug therapy problems in the study hospital and to find out risk factors for these problems. The study was questionnaire-based Cross sectional design which was conducted from April to May 2014 at Adama Hospital Medical College. A convenient sampling method was used and a total of 192 hypertensive patients were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software program. In this study 155 (80.7%) patients have at least one drug therapy problem and a total of 452 drug therapy problems were identified in them. The most common drug therapy problem identified in this study was drug interaction (n=259, 58.7%), followed by non-adherence and adverse drug interaction constituting 19.5% and 18.6% respectively. Under dose accounts only 0.9% of all drug therapy identified. Marital status, number of drugs and number of co morbidities significantly affect drug therapy problems. The study showed that 80.7% of the patients in the study have drug therapy problems. Number of complications and number of drugs significantly affect drug therapy problems. Therefore, patients with multiple diagnosis and patients using multiple drugs should be closely monitored for drug therapy problem, to avoid clinically significant harmful consequences.

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Human immunodeficiency virus continued to be the greatest challenge and killer disease of the 21st century despite the advent of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy which are limited by their severe adverse effects, significant drug interactions, frequent dosing, limited bioavailability, and less access to viral reservoir sites like macrophages. Nano-medicines are becoming new hopes in avoiding these shortcomings of conventional antiretroviral drugs. The emphasis of this review is mainly the application of polymers based nanomedicines in pharmacotherapy of HIV/AIDS. Most of the studies to date on this area are in vitro and human clinical trials are totally missed. However, many interesting points are uncovered through this review like the possibility of achieving high intracellular concentration of drugs, very good antiretroviral activity, improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and release of the drugs from nanocarriers for long time reducing the need for frequent dosing. Indeed, a lot of assignments left behind for researchers to overcome the challenges hindering the wider application of nanomedicines in treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Background: In Ethiopia, particularly, in the study area data on knowledge, attitude and practice of emergence contraceptives among youth in school and college level is lacking. This could be evidenced by the high rates of unwanted pregnancies as well as sexually transmitted infections in these age groups. Therefore, in this study, we are meant to fill such gap in the study area. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 305 female students at Ambo Technique College in Ethiopia from March to September 2013. Results: In this study, 80.7% of the respondent had ever heard about Emergence Contraceptives (EC). Yet majority of the respondent (84.6%) had not used the method despite the significant sexual practice they made. About 77.4% of the students have positive attitude towards EC. Conclusion: The respondents in this study had high level of knowledge and positive attitude about EC yet very low level of utilizing the method. Therefore, much work need to be done to identify the reasons behind this lower utilization rate and prompt addressing to increase its up take to the acceptable degree. Lastly, responsible stakeholders have to device structured reproductive health education at college level as one of the tool to achieve the country's millennium development goal related to family planning.

Specific abrogation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activity has been validated as a viable approach for the development of anticancer agents. However, no selective CDK5 inhibitor has been reported to date. Herein, a structure-based in silico screening was employed to identify novel scaffolds from a library of compounds to identify potential CDK5 inhibitors that would be relevant for drug discovery. Hits, representatives of three chemical classes, were identified as inhibitors of CDK5. Structural modification of hit-1 resulted in 29 and 30. Compound 29 is a dual inhibitor of CDK5 and CDK2, whereas 30 preferentially inhibits CDK5. Both leads exhibited anticancer activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via a mechanism consistent with targeting cellular CDK5. This study provides an effective strategy for discovery of CDK5 inhibitors as potential antileukemic agents.

Background: Poor and inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes constitutes a major public health problem and major risk factor for the development of diabetes complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients attending Ambo hospital chronic care service.