A large number of Mærsk Olie Og Gas AS completions in the Danish Sector of the North Sea utilise Sliding Side Doors (SSD's) as a means of zonal isolation. As the majority of the completions are in highly deviated / horizontal wells, these sleeves are manipulated by shifting tools on coiled tubing (CT). Experience has shown that the operating of SSD's on coiled tubing can lead to uncertainties in the true status of the sleeve position. Several cases have arisen where subsequent Memory Production Logging Tool (MPLT) surveys have identified SSD's that were not in their expected status. Though MPLT's were successful in the determination of SSD status, operational and cost considerations required a new approach. What was required was a reliable, accurate means of verifying SSD sleeve position with data acquired on the same run as the sleeve manipulation tool. There were two strands to this project, the proof of concept in the ability to identify sleeve position using Memory Casing Collar Locator (MCCL) data, and the development of a "stand-alone" MCCL tool, rugged enough to be run in conjunction with the SSD manipulation tools. Background Memory Casing Collar Locator (MCCL) tools have long been used as a simple indicator as to the position of tubular connections during runs in hole. In this usage they are limited to providing depth correlation. The tool output has purely been regarded as a "twitch" that occurs as the tool passes changes in wall thickness. Very little attention is usually given to the quality of the tool data providing the magnitude of the signal is adequate to provide a depth correlation. A large number of Mærsk Olie Og Gas AS completions in the Danish Sector of the North Sea utilise Sliding Side Doors (SSD's) as a means of zonal isolation. As the majority of the completions are in highly deviated / horizontal wells, these sleeves are manipulated by tools on coiled tubing (CT). The sleeve manipulation toolstring typically includes an up and down shifting tool, dual acting impact hammer and jars. Experience has shown that the operating of SSD's on coiled tubing can lead to uncertainties in the true status of the sleeve position. Evidence for successful manipulation of the sleeve was based purely upon measurements of tension from the coiled tubing unit at surface. These measurements are subject to variables induced by: an extended horizontal reach, well deviation, and scale/debris accumulations. Several cases have arisen where subsequent Memory Production Logging surveys have identified SSD's that were not in their expected status. The chief indicators of sleeve position from these Memory Production Logging surveys were the spinner and temperature responses. With the well on flow, the ingress of production fluids through an open sleeve can easily be identified from the tool data. Such surveys are primarily run prior to any SSD manipulation to determine fluid production characteristics both quantitatively and qualitatively. The programs involve the recovery of the Memory Production Logging toolstring, the analysis of the data for effective water and or gas shut-off strategies, and then running back in hole with coiled tubing conveyed sleeve shifting tools. It is not possible to manipulate the sleeves whilst the Memory Production Logging string is in hole. Firstly the sleeve shifting strategy required the Memory Production Logging data be recovered to surface, secondly the Memory Production Logging tools are too fragile to accommodate the shocks induced by the sleeve shifting operation. As such the use of Memory Production Logging tools to ascertain successful sleeve configuration require separate runs subsequent to the sleeve manipulation run. This option is considered expensive in terms of the additional run in hole with it's inherent risks, deferred production, coiled tubing costs and logging tool run charges. The required tool needed to be reliable and able to accurately verify SSD sleeve position with data acquired on the same run as the sleeve manipulation tool run. In addition, it was desired that the running of the tool, and the analysis of the data, should be undertaken by non-specialist personnel.
No abstract
Review by Jim DanielsWith the publication of Bronx Migrations, Michelle Tokarczyk has put herself on the map as a poet of place. Place, and class, for those two things go hand in hand throughout this powerful debut collection centered on her native turf, the Bronx. Certain 'places' seem to be avoided in much of our culture, our literature, and, in particular, much of our poetry-like suburbanites afraid to venture into our big cities.
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