Aragonite is a minor secondary mineral in many limestone caves throughout the world and is probably the second-most common cave mineral after calcite. It occurs in the vadose zone of some caves in New South Wales. Aragonite is unstable in fresh water and usually reverts to calcite, but it is actively depositing in some NSW caves.A review of the cave aragonite problem showed that chemical inhibitors to calcite deposition assist in the precipitation of calcium carbonate as aragonite instead of calcite. Chemical inhibitors physically block the positions on the calcite crystal lattice which otherwise would develop into a larger crystal. Often an inhibitor for calcite has no effect on the aragonite crystal lattice, thus favouring aragonite depositition.Several factors are associated with the deposition of aragonite instead of calcite speleothems in NSW caves. They included the presence of ferroan dolomite, calcite-inhibitors (in particular ions of magnesium, manganese, phosphate, sulfate and heavy metals), and both air movement and humidity.
Rustico is a small fishing village approximately thirty miles north-west of Charlottetown on the north coast of Prince Edward Island. This coastline is characterized by long, gently curving beaches backed by a narrow belt of sand dunes. These are occasionally interrupted by bed-rock headlands of red beds of Pennsylvanian or Permian age.
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