This study examined attitudes and beliefs about exercise among 83 persons with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who had completed outpatient diabetes counseling. An adaptation of the Health Belief Model, labeled the Exercise Behavior Model, guided perceptual measures. Fifty-two percent of the subjects were exercising 3 or more days per week. Those with a greater length of time since diabetes counseling were more likely to be currently exercising. Positive and negative attitudes toward exercise characterized the group; however, only negative attitudes were related to exercise. Both exercisers and nonexercisers perceived barriers to exercise. Other people, chance happenings, physical discomfort, and perceptions of fitness, weight, and appearance played a role in whether the subjects exercised. The results indicate that providing assistance in identifying support for exercise and overcoming perceived barriers to exercise may increase compliance to this important aspect of the diabetes regimen.
WA 99164-4725.The authors thank Wayne Tate for his assistance in data analysis.A recent consumer survey concluded that half the primary food shoppers in U.S. households are strongly influenced by convenience or health values in food selection. To explore these influences further, adult male and female road-race participants (n = 930) were recruited for a survey of personal and household factors influencing the perceived role of convenience in meal preparation among a group of "health-conscious" consumers. The respondents' perception of how often convenience is a factor in household meal preparation was significantly influenced by sex (p < .01) and an age-household composition interaction effect (p < .01). Convenience was reportedly most often a factor in meal preparation for respondents under 50 years old who live alone, respondents under 40 years old in adults-only households, all age groups in multiperson households with children, and women. Convenience reportedly played less of a role in meal preparation for respondents over 50 years old who lived alone or with other adults. Interest in information on easy-to-fix meals increased as frequency of household food preparation by the respondent increased, and was significantly higher among females than males in multiperson households. Results imply sex-and age-group differences in perceptions of food preparation that have a potential impact on how nutrition educators develop "convenient" dietary change strategies for certain active adults.The value of convenience has become an important influence on the dietary behavior of Americans. Lifestyle and economic changes have fostered increased demand for convenience stores and food items and for eating away from home (Stafford & Wills, 1979). Social trends such as greater numbers of women in the work force and the increased value of leisure time are likely to maintain the demand for convenience in food preparation (Elder, 1987).The importance of convenience in household food preparation may vary considerably with different household and demographic factors.
A comprehensive assessment is the first stage of the nursing process. In rehabilitation nursing, it provides the foundation for care that enables individuals to gain greater control over their lives and enhance their health status. The place of the older person and significant carers/family members in assessment cannot be overestimated, as each should be empowered to fulfill the role of imparting expert knowledge about the person's life experience and views. This article examines some pertinent issues in relation to nursing assessment and emphasises that identification of needs and the use of appropriate assessment tools, in conjunction with the knowledge, skills and clinical judgement of the practitioner, are required in assessment.
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