Limbal dermoid (LD) is a congenital ocular tumor that causes amblyopia and damages visual acuity (VA) and visual function. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of perceptual learning (PL) toward improving contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and VA. A total of 25 children with LD and 25 normal children were compared in terms of CSF and VA. The LD group was further randomly allocated into two arms: nine underwent PL combined with patching and eight underwent patching only; eight patients quit the amblyopia treatment. The primary outcome was the area under log CSF (AULCSF), and the secondary outcome was the best corrected VA (BCVA). The CSF was obviously reduced in the LD group compared with that in the normal group. Moreover, the difference in the changes in the AULCSF between the PL and patching groups after 6 months of training was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.86, p < 0.001), and the between-group difference in VA at 6 months was −0.30 (95% CI: −0.46, −0.14, p < 0.001). Children suffering from LD with amblyopia exhibited CSF deficits and VA loss simultaneously. PL could improve CSF and VA in the amblyopic eye better than patching.
Background: Although it is recognized that dynamic stereopsis is vital in daily life, there is still room for improvement in assessment methods. A novel clinical dynamic stereopsis assessment method was created based on an autostereoscopic display system that did not require additional auxiliary glasses. This study evaluated the optical parameters and clinical performance of the autostereoscopic display system for clinical dynamic stereopsis assessment. Methods:The autostereoscopic dynamic stereopsis assessment device was based on a directional backlight technology. Experiment 1 was performed under the same environmental conditions to compare luminance, crosstalk, and spectrum between the autostereoscopic dynamic stereopsis assessment device and the conventional dynamic random-dot stereopsis measuring instrument. Experiment 2 was an observational, analytic, cross-sectional study involving 135 healthy participants, each of whom was asked to complete measurements on both the autostereoscopic and conventional devices in random order. Stereo acuity, operating time, acceptance, and visual fatigue scores were recorded for clinical evaluation. Results:The autostereoscopic device had brighter luminance (139 and 140 cd/m 2 for 2 eyes, respectively), lower crosstalk (4.50% for both eyes), and higher color restoration degree than those of the conventional instrument. Clinically, the novel dynamic stereopsis assessment was as accurate as the traditional method [170" (0.00") and 170" (0.00") respectively; P=0.317], and with more efficiency (166±58.9 and 298±116 s, respectively; P<0.001), higher acceptance (3.36±0.93 and 2.02±0.59 points, respectively; P<0.001), lesser fatigue (0.27±0.46 and 0.73±0.66 points, respectively; P<0.001). The autostereoscopic dynamic stereopsis assessment device with brighter luminance, lower crosstalk, and higher color restoration degree was more effective than the traditional instrument at displaying dynamic clues for clinical dynamic stereopsis assessment. Furthermore, its high-quality image and user-friendly interface provided accurate assessment results in all 3 dynamic stereopsis assessment task conditions, with a higher level of acceptance and lesser visual fatigue, than the traditional assessment method. Conclusions:The autostereoscopic device has excellent functions in both optical parameters and clinical performance, and therefore has the potential to be applied and popularized in future assessments.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. The disease is insidious, and most patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is important to reduce NPC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are rich in a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which can participate in the physiological and pathological regulation of the body by affecting the function of target cells. Numerous studies have shown that some RNAs and proteins in sEVs of tumor origin have a key role in the development of NPC and are potential candidates for malignancy detection. Studying the relationship between the cargoes of these sEVs and NPC may help in the diagnosis of the disease. Here in this review, we summarize the application of sEVs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of NPC and their role in NPC metastasis and prognosis. In addition, we discuss possible future applications and limitations of sEVs as biomarkers.
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