Reduction of CO2 to methanol using renewable hydrogen is a promising but challenging strategy for carbon capture and utilization.

Conversion of CO 2 to value-added chemicals has been a long-standing objective, and direct hydrogenation of CO 2 to lower olefins is highly desirable but still challenging. Herein, we report a selective conversion of CO 2 to lower olefins through CO 2 hydrogenation over a ZnZrO/SAPO tandem catalyst fabricated with a ZnO-ZrO 2 solid solution and a Zn-modified SAPO-34 zeolite, which can achieve a selectivity for lower olefins as high as 80−90% among hydrocarbon products. This is realized on the basis of the dual functions of the tandem catalyst: hydrogenation of CO 2 on the ZnO-ZrO 2 solid solution and lower olefins production on the SAPO zeolite. The thermodynamic and kinetic coupling between the tandem reactions enable the highly efficient conversion of CO 2 to lower olefins. Furthermore, this catalyst is stable toward the thermal and sulfur treatments, showing the potential industrial application.

Hydrogenation of CO 2 to aromatics with selectivity of 73% among hydrocarbons at a single-pass conversion of 14% is achieved over a tandem catalyst. A thermodynamic coupling between CO 2 hydrogenation and aromatics formation was effectively conducted through the intermediate CH x O species. It was found that the presence of H 2 O and CO 2 not only facilitates aromatics production but also suppresses the formation of polycyclic aromatics, resulting in highly stable catalytic performance.

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Although real options theory normatively suggests that managers should associate real options with project value, little field research has been conducted to test whether they suffer from systematic biases in doing so. We draw on the notion of bounded rationality in managerial decision making to explore this understudied phenomenon. Using data collected from managers in 88 firms, we show that managers exhibit what we label the bounded rationality bias in their assessments: They associate real options with value only when a project's easily quantifiable benefits are low, but fail to do so when they are high. The study also contributes the first set of empirical measures for all six types of real options. The study contributes to managerial practice by identifying the conditions under which managers must be vigilant about inadvertently neglecting real options and by providing a simple approach for assessing real options in technology development projects.

Hydrogen production from the dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA) is promising. Most of the current catalysts for FA dehydrogenation are effective only in the presence of bases or additives. We report here newly developed iridium complexes containing conjugated N,N'-diimine ligands for FA dehydrogenation in water without the addition of bases or additives. A turnover frequency (TOF) of 487 500 h(-1) with [Cp*Ir(L1)Cl]Cl (L1=2,2'-bi-2-imidazoline) at 90 °C and a turnover number (TON) of 2 400 000 with in situ prepared catalyst from [IrCp*Cl2 ]2 and 2,2'-bi-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (L2) at 80 °C were obtained, the highest values reported for FA dehydrogenation to date. A mechanistic study reveals that the formation of [Ir-H] intermediate species is the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle.

Hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol utilizing the hydrogen from renewable energy sources offers a promising way to reduce CO2 emissions through the CO2 utilization as a carbon source. However, it is a challenge to convert CO2 to methanol with high activity and high methanol selectivity. Herein, we report a class of metal-oxide solid-solution catalysts: MaZrO x (Ma = Cd, Ga), which show a methanol selectivity up to 80% with the CO2 single pass conversion reaching 4.3%–12.4% under the reaction conditions of H2/CO2 = 3/1, 24 000 h–1, 5 MPa. Structural and electronic characterizations combined with denisty functional theory calculations suggest that the Ma and Zr components in MaZrO x (Ma = Cd, Ga) solid-solution catalysts show a strong synergetic effect, which enhances the H2 heterolytic dissociation and results in high activity and high methanol selectivity. The solid-solution catalyst with dual metal oxide components offers an approach for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to chemicals.

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