Species belonging to Rosa section Synstylae (Rosaceae) are mainly distributed in East Asia, and represent recently diverged lineages within the genus. Over decades, inferring phylogenetic relationships within section Synstylae have been exceptional challenges, due to short branch lengths and low support values. Of approximately 36 species in the section Synstylae, Rosa multiflora, Rosa luciae and Rosa maximowicziana are widely distributed in the Sino-Japanese floristic region. In this study, we assembled chloroplast genomes of these three species to compare the genomic features within section Synstylae, and to compare with other infrageneric groups. We found that three Rosa sect. Synstylae species had lost infA genes with pseudogenization, and they were almost identical to each other. Two protein-coding gene regions (ndhF and ycf1) and five non-coding regions (5’matK-trnK, psbI-trnS-trnG, rps16-trnG, rpoB-trnC, and rps4-trnT) were identified as being highly informative markers. Within three section Synstylae chloroplast genomes, 85 simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs were detected, of which at least 13 motifs were identified to be effective markers. The phylogenetic relationships of R. multiflora, R. luciae and R. maximowicziana could not be resolved, even with chloroplast genome-wide data. This study reveals the chloroplast genomic data of Rosa sect. Synstylae, and it provides valuable markers for DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analyses for further studies.

Transparent conducting electrodes are important components of highly efficient ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is commonly used to form a current spreading layer, but its UV-range optical transparency is limited with a low sheet resistance. We demonstrate a simple solution-based coating technique to obtain large-area, highly uniform, and conductive silver-nanowire-based electrodes that exhibit UV-range optical transparency better than that of ITO for the same sheet resistance. The UV LEDs fabricated using this current spreading layer showed improved optical power emission as well as improvement in electrical properties.

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ObjectiveTo understand the injury pattern of contact burns from therapeutic physical modalities.MethodA retrospective study was done in 864 patients with contact burns who discharged from our hospital from January 2005 to December 2008. The following parameters were compared between patients with contact burns from therapeutic modalities and from other causes: general characteristics, burn extent, cause of burn injury, place of occurrence, burn injury site, treatment methods, prevalence of underlying disease, and length of hospital stay were compared between patients with contact burns.ResultsOf the 864 subjects, 94 patients were injured from therapeutic modalities. A hot pack (n=51) was the most common type of therapeutic modality causing contact burn followed by moxibustion (n=21), electric heating pad (n=16), and radiant heat (n=4). The lower leg (n=31) was the most common injury site followed by the foot & ankle (n=24), buttock & coccyx (n=9), knee (n=8), trunk (n=8), back (n=6), shoulder (n=4), and arm (n=4). Diabetes mellitus was associated with contact burns from therapeutic modalities; the odds ratio was 3.99. Injuries took place most commonly at home (n=56), followed by the hospital (n=33), and in other places (n=5).ConclusionA hot pack was the most common cause of contact burns from therapeutic modalities, and the lower leg was the most common injury site. Injuries took place most commonly at home. The patients with contact burns from therapeutic modalities showed high correlation to presence of diabetes mellitus. These results would be helpful for the prevention of contact burns due to therapeutic modalities.

Extracts from the plants Phlomis umbrosa and Dipsacus asperoides—which are widely used in Korean and Chinese traditional medicine to treat osteoarthritis and other bone diseases—were used to treat experimental osteoarthritis (OA) rats. Genome-wide differential methylation regions (DMRs) of these medicinal-plant-treated rats were profiled as therapeutic evidence associated with traditional medicine, and they need to be investigated further using detailed molecular research to extrapolate traditional practices to modern medicine. In total, 49 protein-encoding genes whose expression is differentially regulated during disease progression and recovery have been discovered via systematic bioinformatic analysis and have been approved/proposed as druggable targets for various bone diseases by the US food and drug administration. Genes encoding proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway were found to be enriched, likely as this pathway plays a crucial role during OA progression as well as during the recovery process after treatment with the aforementioned plant extracts. The four sub-networks of PI3K/AKT were highly regulated by these plant extracts. Overall, 29 genes were seen in level 2 (51–75%) DMRs and were correlated highly with OA pathogenesis. Here, we propose that these genes could serve as targets to study OA; moreover, the iridoid and triterpenoid phytochemicals obtained from these two plants may serve as potential therapeutic agents.

Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. is an oriental domesticated pear which have been used as a traditional medicine as well as dominant contributor of many Asian origin pear breeds. Here, we presented complete chloroplast genome of P. ussuriensis which is 160,157 bp long and has four subregions: 88,148 bp of large single-copy (LSC) and 19,227 bp of small singl-copy (SSC) regions are separated by 26,391 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions including 130 genes (85 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.6% and in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.2%, 30.4%, and 42.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic trees reflect that P. ussuriensis has been utilized as a dominant contributor to many Asian origin pear breeds.

This article presents a systematic design method for ultra broadband power amplifiers using an optimized feedback network. Based on the analysis using the network parameters for the open‐loop circuit and feedback network, a design and optimization procedure was established. To make the gain response as flat as possible throughout the broad operating frequency band, the optimized component values of the feedback network were found using an optimization program which was built based on the least‐mean‐square‐error algorithm in MATLAB. Single‐ended broadband power amplifiers were implemented to verify the optimization results for various target gains, as well as source and load impedance sets. One of the single‐ended amplifiers was selected for use as part of the push–pull power amplifier which includes broad‐band 1:1 transmission line transformers. For the operational bandwidth from 8 to 800 MHz, the ultra broad‐band push–pull power amplifier exhibited a flat gain response of ±0.331 dB from 17.2 dB, a P1dB of more than 40.5 dBm, and high PAE from 26.7 to 45 % at each P1dB point. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2846–2851, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26372

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