Halide perovskite‐based photovoltaic (PV) devices have recently emerged for low energy consumption electronic devices such as Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, an effective strategy to form a hole‐selective layer using phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) salt is presented that demonstrates unprecedently high open‐circuit voltage of 0.9 V with 18 µW cm−2 under 200 lux (cool white light‐emitting diodes). An appropriate post‐deposited amount of PEAI (2 mg) strongly interacts with the perovskite surface forming a conformal coating of PEAI on the perovskite film surface, which improves the crystallinity and absorption of the film. Here, Kelvin probe force microscopy results indicate the diminished potential difference across the grain boundaries and grain interiors after the PEAI deposition, constructing an electrically and chemically homogeneous surface. Also, the surface becomes more p‐type with a downshift of a valence band maximum, confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, facilitating the transport of holes to the hole transport layer (HTL). The hole‐selective layer‐deposited devices exhibit reduced hysteresis in light current density–voltage curves and maintain steadily high fill factor across the different light intensities (200–1000 lux). This work highlights the importance of the HTL/perovskite interface that prepares the indoor halide perovskite PV devices for powering IoT device.
This report addresses indium oxide
doped with titanium and tantulum
with high near-infrared transparency to potentially replace the conventional
indium tin oxide transparent electrode used in semitransparent perovskite
devices and top cells of tandem devices. The high near-infrared transparency
of this electrode is possibly explained by the lower carrier concentration,
suggesting less defect sites that may sacrifice its optical transparency.
Incorporating this transparent electrode into semitransparent perovskite
solar cells for both the top and bottom electrodes improved the device
performance through possible reduction of interfacial defect sites
and modification in energy alignment. With this indium oxide-based
semitransparent perovskite top cell, we also demonstrated four-terminal
perovskite–silicon tandem configurations with improved photocurrent
response in the bottom silicon cell.
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