Displacement of methane (CH4) by injection gas is regarded as an effective way to exploit shale gas and sequestrate carbon dioxide (CO2) simultaneously.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether in utero exposure to the Great Chinese Famine in 1959 to 1961 was associated with risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in adulthood.MethodsIn this cohort analysis, we included 97,399 participants of the Kailuan Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline (2006). Cases of incident ICH were confirmed by medical record review. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ICH according to in utero famine exposure status.ResultsAmong 97,399 participants in the current analyses, 6.3% (n = 6,160) had been prenatally exposed to the Great Chinese Famine. During a median 9.0 years of follow-up (2006–2015), we identified 724 cases of incident ICH. After adjustment for potential confounders, the HR of ICH was 1.99 (95% CI 1.39–2.85) for in utero famine-exposed individuals vs individuals who were not exposed to the famine. When exposure to famine and severity of famine were examined jointly, the adjusted HR was 2.99 (95% CI 1.21–7.39) for in utero exposure to severe famine and 1.94 (95% CI 1.32–2.84) for in utero exposure to less severe famine relative to those without exposure to famine.ConclusionsIndividuals with in utero exposure to famine, especially those exposed to severe famine, were more likely to have ICH in midlife, highlighting the role of nutritional factors in susceptibility to this severe cerebral condition.

Objective: The new arterial hypertension guidelines by the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) changed the definition of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). We assessed and compared in a Chinese population the IDH prevalence, newly defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines versus the former definition by the Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) criteria, and examined longitudinal associations of IDH with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Methods: The prospective community-based Kailuan Study included participants aged 18–98 years who underwent a detailed medical examination at baseline in 2006/2007 and who were biennially re-examined till 2017. History of antihypertensive medication at baseline was an exclusion criterion. Results: The study population consisted of 87 346 individuals (mean age: 50.9 years; range: 18–98 years). Prevalence of IDH was 7.79% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.62, 7.97] by JNC7 guidelines and 24.72% (95% CI: 24.43, 25.01) by 2017 ACC/AHA criteria [difference: 19.93% (95% CI: 16.81, 17.04)]. Applying the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, the prevalence of IDH-recommended antihypertensive therapy was 7.73% (95% CI: 7.55, 7.90). In multivariable analysis, IDH by JNC7 criteria was significantly associated with incident myocardial infarction [n = 93 events; hazard ratio: 1.30 (95 CI: 1.02, 1.66)], cerebral hemorrhage [n = 73 events; hazard ratio: 1.79 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.38)], and total CVD [n = 373 events; hazard ratio: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.30)], when compared with normotension. IDH based on 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines was associated with incident cerebral hemorrhage [n = 129 events; hazard ratio: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.94)] and total CVD [n = 828 events; hazard ratio: 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.26)]. Conclusion: In this adult Chinese community, 2017 ACC/AHA-defined IDH was associated with the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage and total CVD, and as compared with JNC7-defined IDH, it was more prevalent.

Background--It is unclear whether ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), and particularly cumulative exposure to ideal CVH (cumCVH), is associated with incident diabetes. We aimed to fill this research gap.

At the anterior approach lumbar surgery of trans-peritoneum, we should choose the right-hand side incision; the SHP should be pushed aside carefully from right to left along intervertebral disc. The accurate surgical plane was at the deeper layer of autonomical nerve fascia; we also could lift the complete autonomical nerve layer which lies behind the aorta and lumbar sacral promontory, so that the autonomic nerve could be preserved.

Awareness of these anatomic variation can prevent the hemorrhage and be helpful for the surgeon in performing a careful ligation of these veins before medial retraction of the common iliac vein. Our findings emphasize the need for proper dissection of ALV and ILV before ligature during exposure of the lower lumbar spine.

ObjectivesThe American Heart Association (AHA) proposed a definition of 4 cardiovascular health behaviours and 3 health factors. On the basis of the 7 metrics, the cardiovascular health score (CHS) was used to estimate individual-level changes in cardiovascular health status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in CHS (⊿CHS) at different time-points are associated with atherosclerosis progression in middle-aged and older persons.DesignProspective cohort study in China.SettingsWe defined 8 groups (≤−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2 and ≥3) according to ⊿CHS. The impact of ⊿CHS on the change of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (⊿baPWV) and atherosclerosis progression was analysed.ParticipantsA total of 3951 individuals met the inclusion criteria (≥40 years old; no history of stroke, transient ischaemic attack or myocardial infarction) and had complete information.Results⊿baPWV decreased gradually (126.46±355.91, 78.4±343.81, 69.6±316.27, 49.59±287.57, 57.07±261.17, 40.45±264.27, 37.45±283.26 and 21.66±264.17 cm/s, respectively) with increasing ⊿CHS (p for trend<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis suggested a negative relationship between these 2 variables, which persisted after adjustment for other risk factors. Each increase in CHS was associated with a reduced baPWV for 15.22 cm/s (B value −15.22, p<0.001).Conclusions⊿CHS were negatively related to ⊿baPWV, which proved to be an independent predictor of the progression of atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older persons.Trial registration numberKailuan study (ChiCTR-TNC-11001489).

To investigate the correlation of polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension, 151 patients with essential hypertension were studied.