While the importance of international experience for advancement to the executive suites and firm performance has been well recognized, meta-analytic findings illustrating the impact of prior international experiences on the cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates have been discouraging. In the current study, we provide a theoretical review and critique of the cross-cultural adjustment literature by highlighting issues associated with conceptualization and operationalization of international experiences. By providing a narrative review of the existing studies on international experiences, we underscore the nature of the existing international experience measures and provide a synthesis for future research. Discussion of the implications of the different measures of international experience is also provided.

Cross-cultural research has traditionally emphasized predicting adjustment, treating it as a level to be achieved more than a change process to be understood and controlled. The lack of focus on process integration has inhibited our understanding of precisely why and how adjustment processes unfold and ultimately cause (dys)functional change in criteria. In response, we review the motives and processes of cross-cultural adjustment and integrate these into a theoretical framework, examining the discrete episode of expatriate-host national interaction as the focal vehicle for change. First, we synthesize the general causal sequence within an interaction episode. We then summarize state inputs that condition processing. Next, we describe identity management and learning processing in depth. Then, we discuss key interactions among the motive and processing categories. Finally, we orient the cross-cultural interaction episode within the nomological network of cross-cultural adjustment predictors and criteria. This framework prescribes that an expatriate should initially reduce acculturative stress through repeated, functional identity management and learning processing of novelty encountered in cross-cultural interaction episodes. To do so, one must avoid inhibitory input states and the many potential processing failures identified here. If the expatriate experiences enough such functional interaction episodes, a "Stage 2" is reached where the motive to reduce stress has been largely overcome, and thereafter, interaction episode processing proceeds more functionally in general. (PsycINFO Database Record

As the world's most potential consumer market, China's new consumer economy, which consists of new demand, new supply, new fields and new technologies, is full of vitality. In recent years, influenced by the economic and social development, the constantly updated consumption concept and with the rapid development of technology in the Internet field, the new consumption economy such as health care, education, entertainment and tourism is changing with each passing day. In addition, under the influence of COVID-19, "Contactless delivery" continues to be popular in online shopping, takeaway, and online consultation. Combined with the impact of the epidemic, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the development of China's new consumer economy, as well as the opportunities and challenges.

Inaction inertia is the phenomenon that forgoing an initial attractive opportunity decreases the likelihood of taking a subsequent opportunity that is less attractive, even when the subsequent opportunity still offers positive value. We conducted three preregistered replications of Tykocinski et al.’s Experiments 1 and 2’s four scenarios in four samples ( N = 1,555). We found consistent findings across samples, with the inaction inertia effect dependent on the scenario used. Strongest support was for the car scenario ( d = −0.57 to −0.68) and the ski scenario ( d = −0.18 to −0.67), with mixed findings for the fitness scenario (large-small: d = −0.62; control contrasts: opposite to predictions) and weak to no effects for the flyer scenario ( d = −0.14 to 0.02). We conclude that context is important in studying inaction inertia, recommend the car and ski scenarios for follow-up research on inaction inertia, and discuss implications for future research.