Significance: Efficient generation of white light from a single molecule has been very challenging. The only previous systems that have approximated a white light emission are aggregate chromophores with a very broad excimer emission and a low quantum yield. The molecules shown create highly efficient white light emission from excitedstate proton transfer (ESPT) and frustrated energy transfer. Efficient organic light-emitting devices are needed for room lighting applications and generating white light from single molecules is desirable to maintain color balance.Comment: This system uses ESPT to prevent energy transfer from the high-energy chromophore to the low-energy chromophore. Ordinary, in small molecules energy will transfer to the lowest excited state. However, after exciting the left chromophore, ESPT gives a blue-emitting state that is of lower energy than the energy required exciting the right chromophore. Direct excitation of the right chromophore gives ESPT and an orange emission. The combination of blue and orange emission gives white.
Either celebrating E. L. Doctorow’s The Book of Daniel for its critical power or condemning it for distorting democratic consensus, traditional criticism invariably agrees that the text conveys a fundamentally dissentive impulse against American society. This article takes a departure from this approach by aiming to show that the dissenting gesture in the text ultimately functions to reaffirm the value of the nation’s fundamental ideals. The text criticizes social defects materialized by a conspiracy, but in doing so, it reinstates the absolute value that liberal democracy is believed to represent. Based upon this, this article aims to reassess the “radical” criticism that this text is often considered to embody. By resorting to liberal individualism and reconfirming the value of the American Constitution, this text opposes the society by way of affirming its ideal.
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