The solid‐state electrolyte in a solid‐state battery acts as an electrons' barrier and an ions' bridge between the two electrodes. As solid‐state electrolyte does not store the mobile ions, it is necessary to achieve a thin solid‐state electrolyte to reduce the internal resistance and enhance the energy density. In this work, a thin NASICON solid‐state electrolyte, with a stoichiometry of Na3Zr2Si2PO12, is fabricated by the tape‐casting method and its thickness can be easily controlled by the gap between substrate and scraper. The areal‐specific resistance and the flexural strength increase with the electrolyte thickness. A solid‐state sodium metal battery with 86 μm thick Na3Zr2Si2PO12 exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 73–78 mAh g−1 with a redox potential of 3.4 V at 0.2 C. This work presents the importance of electrolyte thickness to reduce internal resistance and achieve a high energy density for sodium batteries.
The paper selected the carbon emission trading yields data from 2014 to 2017 in Shenzhen. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model was used to find the best way to hedge the risk of spot carbon emissions in Shenzhen carbon emission trading exchange market. The variances of carbon spot and coal futures were first examined. The dynamic hedging rate was calculated too. The results showed that according to the actual data and market change strategies, the dynamic hedging rate is better than the optimal hedging rate that can hedge risk better. The carbon emission trading yield was found to exhibit aggregate fluctuation; in addition, the dynamic hedging can better hedge risk timely than static hedging. This provides investors with the basis for decision-making to hedge risk in carbon emission trading and helps investors to maximize their returns under certain risk conditions.
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