Compressed hydrogen gas cylinders with an aluminum liner and carbon fiber wound are currently used as main storage containers in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles region, such cylinders filled with hydrogen gas have the advantages of light weight, high pressure resistance etc. Owing to the fact that cylinders are generally pressurized to 35MPa-92MPa, they may have a vital impact on life and property if failure of the cylinder occurs. For risk prediction, a series of comparative experiments have been carried out and some tests results have been analyzed, where the typical failure mode of such hydrogen cylinders are summarized as irreversible failure, recoverable failure and preventable failure. Irreversible failure refers to the failure mode such as leakage, rupture and penetration, etc, which could cause the cylinder not to restore its original function. Recoverable failure includes thread damage, security attachment startup and so on. The original function of the cylinder could be repaired by repairing the thread and replacing the safety accessories. Preventable failure would be found under the condition such as load at extreme ambient temperature for a long time, filament wound layer cracking caused by surface damage, chemical corrosion and serious impact etc, which could decrease the cylinder strength. In case of existing the preventable failure, cylinders should be monitored in use and the service life would be reduced.
Industrial production is accompanied by a large number of physical and chemical reactions. Steam, whose heat was often used to carry out various production activities, is a common medium in industrial production. Steam pipeline has the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure. The pipeline has been in service at high temperature for a long time, which is prone to metal material degradation such as graphitization and spheroidization. Cause of the expansion of steam pipeline after heating, the natural compensation structure is generally adopted in the whole plant pipe gallery. In recent years, the accidents of steam pipeline occurred frequently, so we must pay more attention to the safety of steam pipeline. Periodic Inspection Regulation for Industrial Pressure Piping (TSG D7005-2018) explicitly requires stress analysis and checking in some cases to determine the safety of the pipeline. The traditional inspection method adopts a random sampling model which has the risk of over inspection and missing inspection. Taking a whole plant steam pipeline as an example, this paper introduced the stress check criterion of pipeline in ASMEB31.3.The model of the pipeline was established by the software, and the stress state and displacement of each node of the pipeline were calculated. According to the calculation results, a targeted inspection scheme was established and effective data support was provided for the regular inspection of steam pipeline.
The flare system is an indispensable safety facility in petrochemical production. The function of the flare system is to collect the tail gas emitted from the production of each device into the main pipe of the flare, lead it pass through the liquid separation tank and the water seal tank in turn, and finally to the high-altitude flare for combustion and discharge into the atmosphere. The high temperature of flare gas pipeline will cause the pipeline to expand under heat. Due to the large thermal stress caused by the thermal expansion of the pipeline, the load on the nozzle of the connected equipment will be increased, which is easy to cause safety accidents. Taking the flare system of a whole factory as an example, this paper introduced a simple discriminated method to measure the flexibility of the pipeline system. The software CAESAR II was used to establish the model of the main flare pipe and the liquid separation tank in the whole factory. The calculated stress state of the pipe system meets the requirements of ASMEB31.3, and the stress of the liquid separation tank nozzle meets the technical conditions of the manufacturer. It is hoped that this method can provide some reference for the regular inspection of pipelines.
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