However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the electrolysis of water dramatically hinders its development for practical applications. [3] One of the challenges is to develop electrocatalysts with low-cost, abundance, high stability, and high catalytic activity for OER. Noble-metal oxides (such as IrO 2 and RuO 2) are most widely employed as efficient OER catalysts, but their scarcity and high cost limit their commercial application. [4] Therefore, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring low-cost earthabundant metals and their compounds for high-efficient and stable OER. [5] Nonprecious transition metal-based compounds, such as sulfides, [4c,6] (oxy)hydroxides, [4a,7] oxides, [4b,8] and phosphides, [4b,9] have been reported for OER owing to their tunable electronic structures and abundant active sites. Recently, 3d transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been recognized to be promising for the OER process, which are superior to oxides, hydroxides, and sulfides, because of high electrical conductivity and enriched active sites. [10] It should be noted here that the surfaces of TMNs are easily oxidized into oxides and hydroxides. For example, the surface of catalyst was converted to metal oxyhydroxide (*OOH) owing to fast surface reconstruction and phase transition during the electrochemical The sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a pivotal process for renewable energy technologies, such as water splitting. The discovery of efficient, durable, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for water oxidation is highly desirable. Here, a novel trimetallic nitride compound grown on nickel foam (CoVFeN @ NF) is demonstrated, which is an ultra-highly active OER electrocatalyst that outperforms the benchmark catalyst, RuO 2 , and most of the state-of-the-art 3D transition metals and their compounds. CoVFeN @ NF exhibits ultralow OER overpotentials of 212 and 264 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm −2 in 1 m KOH, respectively, together with a small Tafel slop of 34.8 mV dec −1. Structural characterization reveals that the excellent catalytic activity mainly originates from: 1) formation of oxyhydroxide species on the surface of the catalyst due to surface reconstruction and phase transition, 2) promoted oxygen evolution possibly activated by peroxo-like (O 2 2−) species through a combined lattice-oxygen-oxidation and adsorbate escape mechanism, 3) an optimized electronic structure and local coordination environment owing to the synergistic effect of the multimetal system, and 4) greatly accelerated electron 1. Introduction Developing renewable and ecofriendly energy sources/technologies is urgently required to address environmental pollution and energy crisis. [1] Electrically driven water splitting for the production of hydrogen and oxygen has been considered as one
With potential commercial applications, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received wide‐spread attentions as they are compatible with tandem devices and processed at low‐temperature. Nevertheless, their efficiencies remain unsatisfactory due to insufficient film quality on hydrophobic hole transport layer and limited hole‐blocking capability of the electron transport layer. Herein, 1,3,5‐Tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBi), an n‐type semiconductor, is incorporated into the antisolvent to simultaneously regulate the grain growth and charge transport of perovskite films. TPBi facilitates the crystallization of perovskites along (100) orientation. Besides, TPBi is mainly distributed near the top surface of perovskite film and enhances the hole‐blocking capability of the area adjacent to the surface. The superior properties of this film lead to a remarkable improvement in the open‐circuit voltage of inverted PSCs. The champion device achieves a high power conversion efficiency of 21.79% while keeping ≈92% of its initial value after 1000 h storage in the ambient atmosphere. This work provides an effective way to evidently promote the performance of inverted PSCs and illustrates its underlaying mechanism.
Modifying the surface of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) with toluene during the high-speed spin-coating process of dimethylformamide considerably improves the wettability and morphology of PTAA and results in improvement of the crystallinity and absorption of perovskite film. The hole mobility and ohm contact have also been improved accordingly. Combined with these improved parameters, inverted perovskite solar cells with high efficiency of 19.13% and long-term stability could be achieved, which are much better than those with untreated PTAA. Importantly, our devices can keep 88.4% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 30 days of storage in ambient air.
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