No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

An automatically adaptive element free method is presented to analyze the seismic response of liquefi able soils.The method is based on the element free Galerkin method (EFGM) and the fi ssion procedure that is part of h-refi nement, indicated by error estimation. In the proposed method, a posteriori error estimate procedure that depends on the energy norm of stress and the T-Belytschko (TB) stress recovery scheme is incorporated. The effective cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model is used to describe the nonlinear behavior of the saturated soil. The governing equations are established by u-p formulation. The proposed method can effectively avoid the volumetric locking due to large deformation that usually occurs in numerical computations using the fi nite element method (FEM). The effi ciency of the proposed method is demonstrated by evaluating the seismic response of an embankment and comparing it to results obtained through FEM. It is shown that the proposed method provides an accurate seismic analysis of saturated soil that includes the effects of liquefaction