Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the facilitating and inhibitory factors on paid app downloading intentions based on an integrated valence theory, considering two social environmental factors and two intermediate variables: perceived value and perceived trust. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on the integrated valence theory. After collecting users’ data, partial least square analysis is used to examine the main driving and constraining factors for users to download paid apps in Apple mobile devices. Findings The empirical results show that mediated through perceived value, perceived usefulness and perceived compatibility are the absolute positive factors that affect user’s willingness to purchase apps, whereas perceived cost is the main barrier for users to do so. Social environment where the users are in also plays an important role in their purchase intentions. Practical implications This study hopes to offer guidance to paid app developers and general app markets, and to help expand the consumer group, make the purchase experience more efficient and promote the development of paid app market. Originality/value The finding not only enriches the adoption theory of mobile apps from the perspective of valence theory, but also provides pricing and functional suggestions for platform suppliers and software developers of paid apps.

PurposeMobile Applications (App) privacy has become a prominent social problem. Compared with privacy concerns, this study examines a relatively novel concept of privacy fatigue and explores its effect on the users’ intention to disclose their personal information via mobile Apps. In addition, the personality traits are proposed as antecedents that will induce the personal perception of privacy fatigue and privacy concerns differently.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 426 respondents. Structure equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings describe that App users’ intention toward personal information disclosure is determined by privacy fatigue and privacy concerns, but the former has a greater impact. With minor exceptions, the two factors are also influenced by different personality traits. Specifically, neuroticism has positive effects on privacy fatigue, but agreeableness and extraversion have presented the opposite results on the two variables.Practical implicationsThis research is very scarce to examine the joint effects of privacy fatigue, privacy concerns and personality traits on App users’ disclosing intention. In doing so, these results will be of benefit to App providers and platform managers and can be the basis for a variety of follow-up studies.Originality/valueWhile previous research just focuses on privacy concerns, this study explores the critical roles of privacy fatigue and opens up a new avenue of emotion-attitude analysis that can further increase the specificity and richness of users’ privacy research. Additionally, implications for personality traits as antecedents in the impact of App users’ privacy emotions and attitudes are discussed.

By integrating the extended privacy calculus theory with the Big Five personality theory, this research proposes and validates a conceptual model in the context of mobile application (App) information authorization. It investigates the implications of each component of privacy costs, privacy advantages, and trust on users’ willingness to authorize their information, and explores how the five personality traits affect App users’ perceived benefits, privacy concern, and trust. Simultaneously, the links between prior negative experience and privacy concern as well as the final authorizing willingness were uncovered. We employed a questionnaire to collect 455 users’ data, and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings demonstrate that App users’ perceived benefits and trust have a positive impact on their privacy authorization intention, whereas privacy concerns negatively affect their disclosure willingness. Just as Extraversion and Agreeableness would make someone pay a heightened attention to the benefits, agreeable, neurotic, and conscientious users are more easily stimulated by privacy concern. Respectively, Agreeableness and Neuroticism affect users’ trust positively and negatively. Additionally, prior negative experience will trigger an individual’s privacy concern, which in turn hinders their willingness to authorize his/her information. All of the aforementioned can serve as a guide for App providers as they optimize the features of their products and services, implement the necessary privacy protections to alleviate users’ privacy concern, and boost users’ trust belief. More importantly, these results effectively demonstrate the significance of personal traits in the formation of users’ privacy perceptions.

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This study explored the antecedent mechanism of task performance. We collected data from teams working on Chinese overseas projects in 13 countries and regions, and conducted a cross-layer analysis through matching the data of 70 direct leaders and 277 employees. The results show that benevolent leadership was positively associated with employees' task performance, personal initiative, and work engagement. In addition, employees' personal initiative and work engagement played a chain intermediary role in the relationship between benevolent leadership and employee task performance. These findings show how benevolent leadership influences employee task performance in cross-cultural management. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.