Non-volatile memory (NVM) provides a scalable and power-e cient solution to replace DRAM as main memory. However, because of relatively high latency and low bandwidth of NVM, NVM is often paired with DRAM to build a heterogeneous memory system (HMS). As a result, data objects of the application must be carefully placed to NVM and DRAM for best performance. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight runtime solution that automatically and transparently manage data placement on HMS without the requirement of hardware modi cations and disruptive change to applications. Leveraging online pro ling and performance models, the runtime characterizes memory access pa erns associated with data objects, and minimizes unnecessary data movement. Our runtime solution e ectively bridges the performance gap between NVM and DRAM. We demonstrate that using NVM to replace the majority of DRAM can be a feasible solution for future HPC systems with the assistance of a so ware-based data management.
Process-induced phase transformations
(PIPTs) of active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) can alter APIs’ physicochemical properties
and impact performance of pharmaceutical drug products. In this study,
we investigated compression-induced amorphization of crystalline posaconazole
(POSA), where the impact of mechanical stresses and excipients on
amorphization were explored. 19F solid-state NMR (ssNMR)
was utilized to detect and quantify amorphous content in the compressed
tablets, and finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to understand
stress distributions in the compression process. Both applied macroscopic
axial stress and shear stress were found to be important to amorphization
of crystalline POSA. Punch velocity, an important compression process
parameter, had negligible effect on amorphization up to 100 mm/s.
Two diluents, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and dibasic calcium
phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), and one lubricant, magnesium stearate
(MgSt), were evaluated for their impact on amorphization in this study.
It was found that both MCC and DCPA significantly enhanced amorphization
of POSA at a low drug loading (5% w/w). The 1% (w/w) blended lubricant
effectively reduced the amorphous content in MCC-POSA tablets; however,
it had minimal effect on either neat POSA or DCPA-POSA tablets. Drug
loading, or excipient concentration, was demonstrated to have a significant
impact on the extent of amorphization. These observed excipient effects
support the important role of interparticulate stresses in amorphization
of crystalline POSA.
When the resources of a focal organization are limited, strengthening the capability of sustainable performance by building up an ecosystem through cooperation is a good choice. When venture capital firms invest in sustainable projects, due to the non-rival and non-exclusive features of sustainable projects, venture capital firms that have built up the cooperation ecosystem can invite more investors to join the sustainable projects. This article analyzes what factors venture capital firms take into consideration when building relations to nurture sustainable investment ecosystems. The quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) method is used to explore how Chinese venture capital firms build up the syndication ecosystems. We conclude that very dominant venture capital firms like to cooperate with venture capital firms that have brokerage benefits and proper positions in the cluster to gain sustainable development. This article indicates that venture capital firms can build up syndication ecosystems by obtaining opportunities from indirect ties.
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