As a special group of police officer, prison police have to endure more work stress and have significant work-family conflict, which may lead to more physical and mental health problems and need to be noticed by the society. The Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) is a brief self-report scale that measures the conflict that an individual experiences between their work and family roles and the extent they interfere with one another. However, there is limited data on the scale’s psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the Chinese version of the WFCS. The study sample was made up of a total of 717 Chinese prison police (64.7% male, M = 41.73 years, SD = 8.30 years). The Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) was used to determine the latent structure and estimate the quality of items and reliability of scale. The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that the assumption of unidimensionality was fulfilled. The infit and outfit mean square (MNSQ) statistics (0.84–1.47) were of a reasonable range, and point-measure correlations (0.64–0.79) indicted good model fit of each item. The item-person separation and reliability indices both met psychometric standards, illustrating good reliability. The person-item map indicated acceptable fit of items and persons, suggesting an alignment between persons and items. In addition, no evidence emerged of differential item functioning across different gender groups. Overall, the WFCS has good reliability and validity, and can be used to accurately evaluate the level of work-family conflict in Chinese prison police.
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought about radical changes in social life. The study focuses on a special group, Chinese undergraduate students with left-behind experiences. Specifically, the study addresses how such students feel and grasp the meaning in life and how they adapt to the current social environment after experiencing the impermanence of life. The correlation between the meaning in life and social adjustment in the post-epidemic period is evaluated.Methods: The Meaning in Life Scale and the Social Adjustment Scale were used to test 988 undergraduate students. Multi-factor analysis, correlation, regression, and dominance analysis were performed on the test results.Results: (1) During the epidemic, Chinese undergraduate students generally had low meaning in life scores, including below-average values for life goals, and middle-range scores for social adjustment. (2) Having or not having left-behind experiences had an important influence on the meaning in life and social adjustment of undergraduates: undergraduates with left-behind experiences performed better than those without left-behind experiences in terms of meaning in life, while their social adjustment was weaker than those without left-behind experiences. (3) The zest for life and freedom of life of undergraduates in both groups negatively predicted social adjustment, and zest for life preferentially influenced social adjustment. Zest for life also had a significant effect on life value in the group without left-behind experiences. Zest for life was a priority factor influencing social adjustment.Conclusion: The epidemic and left-behind experiences are important factors influencing the relationship between meaning in life and social adjustment among Chinese undergraduate students.
Nucleic acid amplification technologies (NAT) have been used most for rapid detection of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since MERS-CoV was first found in 2012. It is important to develop stable and safe reference materials for assessing the quality of NAT kits and external quality assessment (EQA) of different labs. In this study, the MERS-CoV RNA fragments including upE, ORF1b and N were packed within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) like particles. The lyophilized virus-like particles (VLPs) were found stable at 37˚C or below and safe to be used not only as the control material for PCR detection of MERS-CoV, but also as the reference material for EQA. In an EQA organized by Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center in China, 49 participating institutes achieved 100% agreement for detecting MERS-CoV using various commercial diagnosis kits and different extraction methods. But the different Ct values reported by the different labs for the same sample implied that there needed to standardize the RNA extraction method and/or the PCR detection conditions between the labs.
The obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Chlamydia psittaci often causes avian chlamydiosis and influenza-like symptoms in humans. However, the commercial subunit C. psittaci vaccine could only provide a partial protection against avian chlamydiosis due to poor cellular immune response. In our previous study, a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-delivered vaccine against C. psittaci and Marek’s disease based on human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (rHVT-CMV- pmpD ) was developed and provided an effective protection against C. psittaci disease with less lesions and reduced chlamydial loads. In this study, we developed another recombinant HVT vaccine expressing the N-terminal fragment of PmpD (PmpD-N) based on human elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) promoter (rHVT-EF- pmpD ) by modifying the HVT genome within a bacterial artificial chromosome. The related characterization of rHVT-EF- pmpD was evaluated in vitro in comparison with that of rHVT-CMV- pmpD . The expression of PmpD-N was determined by western blot. Under immunofluorescence microscopy, PmpD-N protein of both two recombinant viruses was located in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. Growth kinetics of rHVT-EF- pmpD was comparable to that of rHVT-CMV- pmpD , and the growth rate of rHVT-EF- pmpD was apparently higher than that of rHVT-CMV- pmpD on 48, 72, and 120 h postinfection. Macrophages activated by rHVT-EF- pmpD could produce more nitric oxide and IL-6 than that activated by rHVT-CMV- pmpD . In this study, a recombinant HVT vaccine expressing PmpD-N based on EF-1α promoter was constructed successfully, and a further research in vivo was needed to analyze the vaccine efficacy.
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