Oats are among the most commonly consumed whole grains and are widely grown worldwide, and they contain numerous nutrients, including proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, β-glucan, and unique phytochemical polyphenol avenanthramides (Avns). Recent studies have indicated that Avns play essential roles in mediating the health benefits of oats. This review systemically summarized the nomenclature and structures of Avns, effect of germination on promoting Avns production, and in vivo metabolites produced after Avns consumption. The classical functions and novel potential bioactivities of Avns were further elucidated. The classical functions of Avns in cancer prevention, antioxidative response, anti-inflammatory reaction, and maintaining muscle health were expounded, and the internal mechanisms of these functions were analyzed. The potential novel bioactivities of Avns in modulating gut microbiota, alleviating obesity, and preventing chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis, were further revealed. This review may provide new prospects and directions for the development and utilization of oat Avns.
To realize the high-value utilization
of rice byproducts, the rice
bran protein hydrolysate was separated and purified by ultrafiltration
and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC),
then the sequences of peptides were identified by liquid chromatography
with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and their molecular
docking analysis and activities in vitro and in the cell were carried
out. Two novel peptides FDGSPVGY (840.3654 Da) and VFDGVLRPGQ (1086.582
Da) were obtained with IC50 values of 0.079 mg/mL (94.05
μM) and 0.093 mg/mL (85.59 μM) on angiotensin I-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro, respectively. Molecular
docking results showed that two peptides interacted with ACE receptor
protein through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, etc. Through
the EA.hy926 cells, it was found that FDGSPVGY and VFDGVLRPGQ could
promote the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reduce the content of
ET-1 to achieve the effect of antihypertension. In conclusion, the
peptides from rice bran protein exhibited significant antihypertension
activity and may be expected to realize the high-value utilization
of rice byproducts.
Skeletal muscle plays a primary role in metabolic health and physical performance. Conversely, skeletal muscle dysfunctions such as muscular dystrophy, atrophy and aging-related sarcopenia could lead to frailty, decreased independence and increased risk of hospitalization. Dietary intervention has become an effective approach to improving muscle health and function. Evidence shows that whole grains possess multiple health benefits compared with refined grains. Importantly, there is growing evidence demonstrating that bioactive substances derived from whole grains such as polyphenols, γ-oryzanol, β-sitosterol, betaine, octacosanol, alkylresorcinols and β-glucan could contribute to enhancing myogenesis, muscle mass and metabolic function. In this review, we discuss the potential role of whole-grain-derived bioactive components in the regulation of muscle function, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds regulate muscle biology. This work will contribute toward increasing awareness of nutraceutical supplementation of whole grain functional ingredients for the prevention and treatment of muscle dysfunctions.
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