Reduced-order modeling of distributed structures for transient and steady-state circuit simulation transforms discrete frequency-domain network parameters to a set of rational functions. The models are ideally causal and passive with passivity being the most difficult property to assure, especially when the distributed structures incorporate propagation delay effects or the available network parameters have limited bandwidth. Small errors in the frequency-domain network parameters, or out-of-band assumptions, can yield models that result in unstable transient simulations. Here, an inverse singular value method is developed that imposes the smallest perturbation required to simultaneously modify the residues, poles, and coupling coefficients of the rational function-based model to achieve passivity. The process enables selection of the frequency ranges for which the model is required to be most accurate. The method is based on the observation that a macromodel is passive if the singular values of the scattering parameter matrix are less than unity at all frequencies.Index Terms-Circuit analysis method, circuit-field interactions, inverse singular value problem, linear device modeling, nonlinear circuit simulation, passive models, passive reduced-order modeling, transient circuit simulation.
In this paper, we focus on the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication adopting the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) application in periodic broadcast mode. An analytical model is studied and a fixed point method is used to analyze the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and mean delay based on the IEEE 802.11p standard in a fully connected network under the assumption of perfect PHY performance. With the characteristics of V2V communication, we develop the Semi-persistent Contention Density Control (SpCDC) scheme to improve the DSRC performance. We use Monte Carlo simulation to verify the results obtained by the analytical model. The simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio in SpCDC scheme increases more than 10% compared with IEEE 802.11p in heavy vehicle load scenarios. Meanwhile, the mean reception delay decreases more than 50%, which provides more reliable road safety.
This article introduces a solution to avoid that the car audio amplifier will go into mute when the engine is in start-stop state. It is a trend that the car audio amplifier should work in normal mode even if the engine is in start-stop state. STMicroelectronics has used this solution in low cost device of TDA7850LV, which targets to fit the new generation of green transport.
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