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We derive analytical 3D spatiotemporal similaritons and solitons of the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients.

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We derive analytical rogue wave solutions of variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations describing the femtosecond pulse propagation via a transformation connected with the constant-coefficient Hirota equation. Then we discuss the propagation behaviors of controllable rogue waves, including recurrence, annihilation, and sustainment in a periodic distributed fiber system and an exponential dispersion decreasing fiber. Finally, we investigate nonlinear tunneling effects for rogue waves.

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Pontin (Ruvbl1) and Reptin (Ruvbl2) are closely related AAA ATPases. They are components of the Ruvbl1-Ruvbl2-Tah1-Pih1 (R2TP) complexes that function as co-chaperones for the assembly of multiple macromolecular protein complexes. Here, we show that Pontin is essential for cilia motility in both zebrafish and mouse and that Pontin and Reptin function cooperatively in this process. Zebrafish mutants display phenotypes tightly associated with cilia defects, and cilia motility is lost in a number of ciliated tissues along with a reduction in the number of outer and inner dynein arms. Pontin protein is enriched in cytosolic puncta in ciliated cells in zebrafish embryos. In mouse testis, Pontin is essential for the stabilization of axonemal dynein intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1) and DNAI2, the first appreciated step in axonemal dynein arm assembly. Strikingly, multiple dynein arm assembly factors show structural similarities to either Tah1 or Pih1, the other two components of the R2TP complex. Based on these results, we propose that Pontin and Reptin function to facilitate dynein arm assembly in cytosolic foci enriched with R2TP-like complexes.