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This paper describes an extensive experimental study of the compressive failure of different types of aggregates and the influence of aggregate type on the interfacial properties of mortars. Interfacial debonding was the main failure mode of mortar rubbles. The interlocking strength of aggregate and mortar strongly affected the compressive strength of materials. When basalt was used as the aggregate, I-II composite failure of the deflection crack occurred as well as interfacial debonding. The highest instantaneous AE energy of the granite mortar rubble was 1349 mV·ms, which was 4.1 times greater than that of the basalt mortar rubble (326 mV·ms). Acoustic emissions of mortar rubble were strongest in the 150–220 kHz range and gave an early warning of the damage load at high frequencies (160–320 kHz). The C-S-H gel formed by the hydration reaction adhered to the aggregate pores and exhibited a “root pile” effect that improved the bonding performance of the interfacial zone. The interfacial porosity of the basalt, granite and limestone mortar rubble was 21.29%, 18.70% and 30.0%, respectively. The limestone interface has a large porosity, the fractal cones was small (1.19), and there was an obvious sidewall effect, but the interfacial strength was weak. The pore structure had a significant effect on the interfacial bond strength. This multi-faceted analysis truly reflected the state and evolution of the damage of mortar rubbles, and the results were very effective for determining the mechanical mode of damage of mortar rubbles.

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There has been little research on the impact resistance of mortar–rock slope protection structures. To ensure that the mortar–rock interface has good adhesion properties under the action of impact loading, in this paper, based on fracture mechanics theory, a theoretical impact model was established for mortar–rock binary material. Dynamic fracture tests were carried out on mortar–rock interfaces using the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The Brazilian disc (CSTBD) specimen was prepared with one half in granite and the other half in mortar. The specimen used for the dynamic impact test was 48 mm in diameter and 25 mm thick. The effects caused by the change in interface inclination and interface shape on the dynamic fracture mode were discussed. The dynamic model parameters were obtained for different inclination angles and interfaces. The results show that both the interface inclination and interface shape have significant effects on the dynamic mechanical properties of the mortar–rock binary material. The fracture modes of the mortar–rock specimens can be classified into three types. When the interface inclination is 0°, the specimen shows shear damage with an interface fracture; when the interface inclination is in the range of 0–90°, the dynamic splitting strength of the mortar–rock material increases with increasing interface inclination, and the interface undergoes composite fracture; and when the interface inclination is 90°, the dynamic splitting strength of the specimen reaches its peak, and the interface undergoes tensile fracture. The mortar–rock interface damage follows the M-C criterion. The roughness of the interface shape has a large influence on the dynamic splitting strength of the specimens. The rougher the interface shape, the higher the interface cleavage strength and the higher the peak load that causes the material to damage. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design of mortar–rubble structures to meet the demand for impact resistance and have strong engineering application value.