Le (2020) Non-active antibiotic and bacteriophage synergism to successfully treat recurrent urinary tract infection caused by extensively drug-resistant Klebsiellapneumoniae,

A major obstacle in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research is the lack of predictive and translatable animal models that reflect disease progression and drug efficacy. Transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (App) gene manifest non-physiological and ectopic expression of APP and its fragments in the brain, which is not observed in AD patients. The App knock-in mice circumvented some of these problems, but they do not exhibit tau pathology and neuronal death. We have generated a rat model, with three familiar App mutations and humanized Aβ sequence knocked into the rat App gene. Without altering the levels of full-length APP and other APP fragments, this model exhibits pathologies and disease progression resembling those in human patients: deposit of Aβ plaques in relevant brain regions, microglia activation and gliosis, progressive synaptic degeneration and AD-relevant cognitive deficits. Interestingly, we have observed tau pathology, neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis and brain atrophy, phenotypes rarely seen in other APP models. This App knock-in rat model may serve as a useful tool for AD research, identifying new drug targets and biomarkers, and testing therapeutics.

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Gasolines of two different octane numbers are experimentally distinguished using a thin metal sheet perforated with a periodic hole array terahertz surface plasmon (SP) sensor. This sensor is proved to be very sensitive to the change in permittivities of analytes. The differences between the gasolines 93# and 97# in composition lead to various refractive indices, permittivities, and absorption coefficients, thus varying their interactions with surface waves on the sensor, which enables a distinction of 6 GHz between the two octane numbers in the transmission peaks. The freestanding SP sensor is effective and reliable and can be simply employed in analyte distinction, which has potential applications in the petroleum industry.

Precise determination of microfluidic behaviors is theoretically significant and has shown remarkable application prospects. This work numerically studies the self-ordering and organization of an in-line particle chain flowing through a square microchannel. The immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is employed, and effects of particle Reynolds number (Rep), length fraction (⟨Lf⟩, characterizes particle concentration), and particle size are focused. Results imply a relatively complex migration of small-particle chains. Three typical states are observed, that is, the equilibrium position finally in a stabilized, fluctuated, or chaotic condition. The corresponding dynamic processes are presented. Interestingly, how interparticle spacing evolves with time shows similar regularity with the three states, corresponding to a particle chain either being evenly distributed, moving like a bouncing spring, or continuously in disordered motions. The flow field and force conditions are analyzed to clarify the mechanisms, suggesting the subtle interaction among vortex-induced repulsive force, wall-induced lift force, and shear gradient lift force is the reason behind. Based on different states, migratory patterns are categorized as Stable Pattern, Spring Pattern, and Chaotic Pattern, and an overall classification is also obtained. Moreover, effects of Rep and ⟨Lf⟩ are identified, where a rising Rep leads to an equilibrium position toward the wall and larger volatility of interparticle spacings. The dynamic characteristics are characterized by lagging, translational, and angular velocities of particles in the chain. Finally, a contrastive study of large particles is performed. The present investigation is expected to provide insight into regularities of in-line particle chains and possible applications.

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Yang Z-F and Bai L-P (2022) Integrated network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, LC-MS analysis and bioassays revealed the potential active ingredients and underlying mechanism of Scutellariae radix for COVID-19.