Structural health monitoring (SHM) has been developed and applied to bridge structures since the early 1980s. Numerous approaches and techniques have been proposed and applied to supertall structures during the recent decade. This paper reviews the SHM techniques and applications in supertall structures. The vibration analysis techniques, seismic effect monitoring, wind effect monitoring, comfort assessment, temperature effect monitoring, and construction monitoring of high-rise structures are described and summarised. The latest developments in codification and standardisation in SHM are also introduced.
Due to its structural efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness, ultra-high performance concrete was utilized to build the first highway overpass bridge in China. The bridge was made of prestressed ultra-high performance concrete box girders of four continuous spans of 30 m each. As the original design of such bridge was observed to be somewhat conservative, its cross-sectional dimensions, in the form of the box girder wall thicknesses were optimized in this research to lower the material cost in future bridge construction. Then, a full-scale simply supported ultra-high performance concrete box girder of 30 m span, incorporating the new box girder wall thicknesses, was fabricated and then tested under static loading to obtain research data to justify the revised design. The loading system was designed to examine the flexural behavior of the girder using two concentrated loads symmetrically located at the mid-span. Experimental results show that the optimized girder has a favorable ductile behavior and excellent flexural strength, which can meet the design requirements for serviceability and ultimate limit states. A finite element model of the tested girder was developed, using ABAQUS software, and then was verified using the experimental findings. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the influence of key parameters on the structural response, namely, the reinforcement ratio, the number of the prestressing wires, and the web thickness. Recommendations on minimum and maximum compressive strength and tensile property of ultra-high performance concrete were proposed. Also, a simplified calculation method of prestressed ultra-high performance concrete box girder was developed based on a verified strain and stress diagrams for cross-sectional analysis. The proposed methodology can be used in future practice with confidence.
The arch bridge is one of the main bridge types utilized in China, and many concrete arch bridges have been built there. Concrete with its high strength in compression and limited strength in tension is an ideal construction material for the arch since its primary internal force is compression. This paper briefly introduces the construction of concrete arch bridges in China in recent years, provides basic statistics on concrete arch bridges worldwide with a span of more than 200 m, analyses the development of concrete arch bridges, and focuses on the Nanpanjiang and Beipanjian Railway Bridges. Furthermore, this study introduces the common construction methods for concrete arch bridges, and describes the recent progress of research on concrete arch bridges using new materials and structures. Finally, future trends in the research and development of concrete arch bridges are discussed including applications of new materials, structures and construction methods.
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