In order to obtain the seismic dynamic characteristics of a shallow-bias tunnel with a small space, a series of large-scale shaking table model tests were carried out. The key technology of the test is introduced in detail, for example, similar ratios of model, test equipment, testing model box, testing model, sensor arrangement, seismic waves, and testing system. The results show that the first predominant frequency is similar between measuring points. However, the second predominant frequency is highly different between measuring points. The first and second predominant frequencies gradually decrease with the increasing of input PGA. The rock stratum can shield seismic wave in the high frequency band. The research results provide reference for similar tunnels.

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In order to obtain the seismic internal force response laws of a shallow-bias tunnel with a small clear distance, the reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by the shaking table model test. e parameter sensitivity of the tunnel is studied by using MIDAS-NX finite element software. e effects of seismic wave peak (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g, 0.5 g, and 0.6 g), existing slope angle (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°), clear distance (1.0 D, 1.5 D, 2.0 D, and 3.0 D), and excitation mode (X direction, Z direction, XY direction, and XYZ direction) on the internal force response law of the tunnel are studied, respectively. e results show that (1) the shear force gradually increases with the increasing of seismic peak. e amplification is different with different measuring points. (2) Under different existing slope-angle conditions, the variation trend of shear force of the tunnel is similar, but the shear force is different. e existing slope has significant effect on the shear force response of the tunnel, and the degree is different with different slope angles. (3) Under the conditions of 1.5 D and 2.0 D, the shear force response of the tunnel is stronger, but the response of other conditions is relatively weak. e tunnel with 1.5 D to 2.0 D clear distance should be avoided. Different excitation modes have a significant effect on the shear force response of the tunnel. (4) Under the same excitation mode, the different excitation directions also have a significant effect on the shear force response. (5) e shear force response of the tunnel crosssection shows nonlinear variation trend. e shear force response is strongest at the arch shoulder and arch foot of the tunnel. e research results provide a useful reference for the design of antishock and vibration resistance of the tunnel.

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Based on the similarity theory, two physical testing models (double-hole tunnel and single-hole tunnel) with a scale of 1:10 were designed and manufactured. A series of shaking table tests followed by numerical simulations was carried out to obtain the dynamic response characteristics of shallow-buried tunnels with asymmetrical pressure distributions. The similarities and differences in the dynamic response laws between double-hole tunnel and single-hole tunnel were studied. The effects of types of seismic wave (Wenchuan wave, Darui artificial wave, and Kobe wave), peaks acceleration excitation (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.4 g, and 0.6 g), excitation directions (horizontal and vertical directions), and excitation modes (unidirection and bidirection) on dynamic response laws of the tunnels were studied. The results show that the variation of acceleration multiplying factor (AMF) shows a nonlinear trend. The AMFs are different at different monitoring points. The type of seismic wave has a significant effect on the acceleration response, with Kobe wave being the most serious, followed by the Darui artificial wave and the Wenchuan wave. In bidirectional excitation, the AMFs are relatively larger than those of unidirectional excitation. A comparison between the numerical simulation and the shaking table tests in both acceleration time history and peaks acceleration shows that the results of the shaking table tests and numerical simulations are credible. The acceleration response of monitoring points near the existing slope is generally magnified. The residual strains are generated at the monitoring points. The variation trends of both tensile strain and compressive strain are opposite. The tensile strains are generally larger than the compressive strains. Many factors, such as the type of seismic wave, peaks of acceleration excitation, excitation direction, and excitation mode, have a significant influence on the dynamic strain response and acceleration response of the tunnels. The research results could promote the understanding of dynamic response characteristics of the tunnels.

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