Background
Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb
(PMT) has multiple biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-aging and so on. Therefore, D-galactose-induced aging mice were used to study the effect of PMT on fatty acid metabolism and its underlying mechanism.
Methods
C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normal group, aging model group, PMT intragastrical administration group (high, Medium, low); model group and PMT intragastrical administration group Daily intraperitoneal injection D-galactose 800 mg·ml
− 1
·Kg
− 1
to establish subacute aging model; PMT intragastrical administration group at the same time to intragastrical PMT extract (1 g·ml
− 1
·Kg
− 1
, 0.6 g·ml
− 1
·Kg
− 1
, 0.3 g·ml
− 1
·Kg
− 1
), normal group injection and intragastrical equivalent saline for 60 consecutive days. By detecting the oxidation index of liver to judge the efficacy of PMT, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the fatty acid content in liver.
Results
Finally, we found that PMT improved the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in aging mice, and reduce the enzyme activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The content of fatty acids such as C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 N3, C20:2 and C20:3 N3 decreased significantly in senescent mice (
P
< 0.05) as evidenced by GC-MS analysis, whereas, these fatty acids increased significantly after treatment of PMT (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
PMT improves the content of liver fatty acids in aging mice induced by D-galactose through, enhancing the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes.
Rice seedlings were treated with different concentrations of Pb solutions or /and CO 2 (Pb 0 μM + CO 2 400 ± 20 μmol/mol, AC; Pb 0 μM + 800 ± 20 µmol/mol, EC; Pb 50 μM + CO 2 400 ± 20 μmol/mol, L; Pb 150 μM + CO 2 400 ± 20 μmol/mol, H; Pb 50 μM + CO 2 400 ± 20 μmol/mol, EC + L; Pb 150 μM + CO 2 800 ± 20 μmol/mol, EC + H;), so as to study the effects of Pb stress and/or elevated CO 2 on growth, photosynthesis, and endogenous hormones. We measured the biomass, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, fluorescence parameters and their curves (O-J-I-P, Variable fluorescence) and the contents and ratio of endogenous hormones in rice seedlings. The results show that: (1) Both L and H had negative effects on the growth of rice seedlings. However, H treatment had a significant negative effect on PSII of rice seedlings, but L treatment had no significant effect. In addition, JA (jasmonic acid) and ABA (abscisic acid) were significantly associated with the decrease of G S in Rice under Pb stress. (2) Under EC treatment, the secretion of growth hormones increased significantly. More importantly, the content of JA increased significantly while G S decreased, but ABA did not, which may mean that JA is more sensitive to stomatal regulation under EC. (3) Compared with L and H, EC + L and EC + H manifested in the enhancement of photosynthetic performance and adjustment of hormone ratio. Compound treatment significantly increased the ratio of "promoting-hormone to ABA" compare with L and H treatment. The biomass accumulation of rice seedlings increased significantly after being affected by changes in hormone ratios and enhanced photosynthesis. Therefore, the high concentration CO 2 reduces the harm of Pb to a certain extent. However, this relief is also limited. Compared with H, EC + H has no alleviating effect on rice seedling most growth and photosynthetic parameters.
Based on the generalized Huygens–Fresnel principle, propagation characteristics of a linear phase-locked hollow beam (PLHB) array propagating through atmospheric turbulence are investigated. Analytical expressions of the average intensity and mean-squared beam width of the PLHB array are derived. It is shown that propagation properties of a PLHB array are related to the initial beam parameters (i.e., number of beamlets, size of beam waist, range of wavelength) of the PLHB array and the strength of turbulence. These findings may provide potential applications in free-space optical communications, lidar, remote sensing, and related fields.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.