To better understand the thermal decomposition and reaction process of a fluorine-containing powdery thermite, PTFE/Al/MnO2, reactions at different temperatures were investigated by the TG/DSC-MS technique. The corresponding reaction products were characterized with XRD phase analysis. Another three thermite materials, i.e., PTFE/Al, Al/MnO2, and PTFE/MnO2, were also prepared for comparison. Results showed that PTFE behaved as both oxidizer and reducer in PTFE/Al/MnO2 fluorinated thermite. The thermal decomposition and reaction process of as-fabricated ternary thermite could be divided into two stages—the mutual reaction between each of PTFE, Al, and MnO2 and the subsequent reaction produced between Al and Mn2O3/Mn3O4/MnF2. Compared with the three control systems, the specially designed ternary system possessed a shorter reaction time, a faster energy release rate, and a better heat release performance.
Al-PTFE (aluminum-polytetrafluoroethene) is regarded as one of the most promising reactive materials (RMs). In this work, Ni (Nickel) was added to Al-PTFE composites for the purpose of improving the energy density and damage effect. To investigate the thermal behavior, mechanical properties and reaction characteristics of the Al-Ni-PTFE composites, an Al-PTFE mixture and an Al-Ni mixture were prepared by ultrasonic mixing. Six types of Al-Ni-PTFE specimens with different component mass ratios were prepared by molding sintering. Simultaneous thermal analysis experiments were carried out to characterize the thermal behavior of the Al-PTFE mixture and the Al-Ni mixture. Quasi-static compression tests were performed to analyze the mechanical properties and reaction characteristics of the Al-Ni-PTFE specimens. The results indicate that the reaction onset temperature of Al-Ni (582.7 °C) was similar to that of Al-PTFE (587.6 °C) and that the reaction heat of Al-Ni (991.9 J/g) was 12.5 times higher than that of Al-PTFE (79.6 J/g). With the increase of Ni content, the material changed from ductile to brittle and the strain hardening modulus and compressive strength rose first and then subsequently decreased, reaching a maximum of 51.35 MPa and 111.41 MPa respectively when the volume fraction of Ni was 10%. An exothermic reaction occurred for the specimens with a Ni volume fraction no more than 10% under quasi-static compression, accompanied by the formation of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds. In the Al-Ni-PTFE system, the reaction between Al and PTFE preceded the reaction between Al and Ni and the feasibility of increasing the energy density and damage effect of the Al-Ni-PTFE reactive material by means of Ni-Al reaction was proved.
As a novel energetic material with quite a high energy density, titanium hydride (TiH2) was introduced into a polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) reactive material system for the first time. The effects of TiH2 on the reaction energy, dynamic mechanical responses, and reaction properties of the composites were investigated through adiabatic bomb calorimeter, split-Hopkinson pressure bar, and drop-weight experiments. The results show that the reaction heat of the composites improved significantly as the content of TiH2 increased. Under dynamic compression, these composites show obvious strain hardening and strain rate hardening effects. Besides, a certain amount of TiH2 granules helps to improve the material’s compressive strength, and the maximum would even reach 173.2 MPa with 5% TiH2 percentage, 10.1% higher than that of PTFE/Al. Mesoscale images of the samples after dynamic compression indicate that interface debonding between the particles and PTFE matrix and the fracture of the PTFE matrix are the two major mechanisms resulting in the material’s failure. In addition, the drop-weight experiments indicate that the material’s impact sensitivities are sensitive to the content of TiH2, which would be increased to within 20% of the content of TiH2 compared with PTFE/Al, and the reaction degree is also improved to within 10% of the content of TiH2. The retrieved reaction residues after drop-weight experiments imply that the reaction is initiated at the edges of the samples, indicating a shear-induced initiation mechanism of this kind of reactive material.
Al-PTFE (aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene) serves as one among the most promising reactive materials (RMs). In this work, six types of Al-PTFE composites with different Al particle sizes (i.e., 50 nm, 1∼2 μm, 6∼7 μm, 12∼14 μm, 22∼24 μm, and 32∼34 μm) were prepared, and quasistatic compression and drop weight tests were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties and reaction characteristics of Al-PTFE composites. e reaction phenomenon and stress-strain curves were recorded by a high-speed camera and universal testing machine. e microstructure of selected specimens was anatomized through adopting a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to correlate the mesoscale structural characteristics to their macroproperties. As the results indicated, in the case of quasistatic compression, the strength of the composites was decreased (the yield strength falling from 22.7 MPa to 13.6 MPa and the hardening modulus declining from 33.3 MPa to 25 MPa) with the increase of the Al particle size. e toughness rose firstly and subsequently decreased and peaked as 116.42 MJ/m 3 at 6∼7 μm. e reaction phenomenon occurred only in composites with the Al particle size less than 10 μm. In drop weight tests, six types of specimens were overall reacted. As the Al particle size rose, the ignition energy of the composites enhanced and the composites turned out to be more insensitive to reaction. In a lower strain rate range (10), Al-PTFE specimens take on different mechanical properties and reaction characteristics in the case of different strain rates. e formation of circumferential open cracks is deemed as a prerequisite for Al-PTFE specimens to go through a reaction.
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