Biofilm infection is regarded as a major contributing factor to the failure of burn treatment and the persistent inflammatory state destines healing delays and the formation of chronic wounds. Herein,...
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treatment is challenged by persistent bacterial infection and hyperglycemia-caused vascular dysplasia. Herein, self-propelled nanomotors are designed to achieve biofilm microenvironment (BME)-activated multistage release of NO for effective sterilization and subsequent angiogenesis promotion. CaO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) are capped with PDA layers, followed by complexation with Fe 2+ and surface grafting of cysteine-NO to obtain Janus Ca@PDA Fe -CNO NPs. In response to low pH in BME, the decomposition of CaO 2 cores generates O 2 from one side of Janus NPs to propel biofilm penetration, and the released H 2 O 2 and Fe 2+ produce •OH through Fenton reaction. The concurrent glutathione-triggered release of NO can be converted into reactive nitrogen species, which exhibit significantly higher bactericidal efficacy than those with only generation of •OH or NO. The slow release of NO for an extended time period promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration. On Staphylococcus aureus-infected skin wounds of diabetic mice, NP treatment eliminates bacterial infections and significantly elevates blood vessel densities, leading to full wound recovery and regeneration of arranged collagen fibers and skin accessories. Thus, the self-propelling and multistage release of NO provide a feasible strategy to combat biofilm infection without using any antibiotics and accelerate angiogenesis and wound healing for DFU treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.