In this paper, the problem of adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with unknown control direction is studied. Aiming at the problem, an adaptive control scheme with Nussbaum gain technology is constructed by using the average dwell time (ADT) method and the backstepping method to overcome the unknown control direction, and time‐varying asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions (ABLFs) are adopted to ensure the full‐state constraints satisfaction. The proposed control scheme guarantees that all closed‐loop signals remain bounded under a class of switching signals with ADT, while the output tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the zero. An important innovation of this design method is that the unknown control direction, asymmetric time‐varying full state constraints, and predefined time‐varying output requirements are simultaneously considered in uncertain switched nonlinear systems for the first time. We set a moment in advance, and make the systems comply with the constraint conditions before running the moment by the shift function nested in the first time‐varying ABLF. Finally, a simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
In Asia, China is one of several developing countries that have implemented active classical biological control programmes and achieved successes in their campaign against invasive species. Although classical biological control is still in its early stages in China, and many aspects including the policy framework need to be greatly improved, the experience that has been gained may be of value to other Asian countries. Certainly, China shares with them many similar social, political and scientific issues, in particular in the management of invasive species. The purposes of this chapter are: (i) to review the current status and impact of, and the constraints to providing solutions for invasive plants in China; (ii) to report China's experiences in classical biological control; and (iii) to review and assess the current policy framework in terms of its role in the implementation of a classical biological control strategy.
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