Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have superior advantages in sample pretreatment because of their high selectivity for target analytes and the fast and easy isolation from samples. To meet the demand of both good magnetic property and good extraction performance, MMIPs with various structures, from traditional core-shell structures to novel composite structures with a larger specific surface area and more accessible binding sites, are fabricated by different preparation technologies. Moreover, as the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layers determine the affinity, selectivity, and saturated adsorption amount of MMIPs, the development and innovation of the MIP layer are attracting attention and are reviewed here. Many studies that used MMIPs as sorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction of complex samples, including environmental, food, and biofluid samples, are summarized. Graphical abstract The application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the sample preparation procedure improves the analytical performances for complex samples. MITs molecular imprinting technologies.
The
photoluminescent (PL) properties of lanthanide metal–organic
frameworks (Ln-MOFs) are intrinsically subtle to water molecules,
which remains the major challenge that severely limits their applications
as fluorescent probes in aqueous samples. Herein novel composite fluorescent
probes were prepared by growing Ln-MOFs (Tb-MOF, Eu-MOF, and Tb/Eu-MOF)
on carboxylated porous graphene oxide (PGO-COOH). The 3D thorny composites
presented significantly longer fluorescent lifetimes and higher quantum
yields than that of the bare Ln-MOFs and exhibited long-term PL stabilities
in aqueous samples up to 15 days. The stable and improved PL properties
demonstrated that the highly hybrid composite structures protected
the MOF components from the adverse effects of water. Furthermore,
the unexpected antenna effect of the PGO-COOH substrate on Ln3+ was supposed to be another reason for the improved PL properties.
The composites present ultralow detection limits as low as 5.6 nM
for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2.3 nM for dipicolinic acid as turn-off
and ratiometric fluorescent probes, respectively, which was attributed
to the incoporation of PGO-COOH that dramatically enahnced inner filter
effects and effectively protected the energy transfer process in the
MOF components from the interference of the surrounding water. This
work presents an effective strategy for creating ultrasensitive and
stable fluorescent probes based on Ln-MOFs for applications in aqueous
samples.
Surface-imprinted polydopamine (PDA) on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) material was prepared for the efficient removal of bilirubin in albumin-rich conditions.
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