IntroductionDepression is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by prolonged sadness, loss of interest or pleasure. The dominant alpha peak activity in resting-state EEG is suggested to be an intrinsic neural marker for diagnosis of mental disorders.MethodsTo investigate an association between alpha peak activity and depression severity, the present study recorded resting-state EEG (EGI 128 channels, off-line average reference, source reconstruction by a distributed inverse method with the sLORETA normalization, parcellation of 68 Desikan–Killiany regions) from 155 patients with depression (42 males, mean age 35 years) and acquired patients’ scores of Self-Rating Depression Scales. We measured both the alpha peak amplitude that is more related to synchronous neural discharging and the alpha peak frequency that is more associated with brain metabolism.ResultsThe results showed that over widely distributed brain regions, individual patients’ alpha peak amplitudes were negatively correlated with their depressive scores, and individual patients’ alpha peak frequencies were positively correlated with their depressive scores.DiscussionThese results reveal that alpha peak amplitude and frequency are associated with self-rating depressive score in different manners, and the finding suggests the potential of alpha peak activity in resting-state EEG acting as an important neural factor in evaluation of depression severity in supplement to diagnosis.
This study evaluated the influence of surface free energy (SFE) of titanium disks on the adsorption and conformation of fibronectin (FN) and the biological behavior of osteoblasts cultured on the FN-treated modified surfaces. High [H]-SFE titanium disks were irradiated by a 30 W UV light, while low (L)-SFE titanium disks received no treatment. The surface characteristics of the titanium disks were examined using scanning electron microscope, optical surface profilometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Adsorbed FN on different groups was investigated using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. MG-63 cells were cultured on FN-treated titanium disks to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity. The experiment showed H-SFE titanium disks adsorbed more FN and acquired more ß-turn content than L-SFE group. MG-63 cells cultured on FN-treated H-SFE titanium disks showed better osteogenic responses, including adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization than that on FN-treated L-SFE titanium disks. Compared to L-SFE titanium disks, integrin-β1, integrin-α5 and Rac-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in MG-63 cells on FN-treated H-SFE after 3 h of culture. These findings suggest that the higher SFE of H-SFE compared to L-SFE titanium disks induced changes in the conformation of adsorbed FN that enhanced the osteogenic activity of MG-63 cells.
Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization has been demonstrated to synergistically improve the osteoblast response and reduce biofilm formation on titanium (Ti) surfaces. However, it remains obscure how photofunctionalization affects soft tissue integration and microbial adhesion on the transmucosal part of a dental implant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UVC (100–280 nm) pretreatment on the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g.) to Ti-based implant surfaces. The smooth and anodized nano-engineered Ti-based surfaces were triggered by UVC irradiation, respectively. The results showed that both smooth and nano-surfaces acquired super hydrophilicity without structural alteration after UVC photofunctionalization. UVC-activated smooth surfaces enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of HGFs compared to the untreated smooth ones. Regarding the anodized nano-engineered surfaces, UVC pretreatment weakened the fibroblast attachment but had no adverse effects on proliferation and the related gene expression. Additionally, both Ti-based surfaces could effectively inhibit P. g. adhesion after UVC irradiation. Therefore, the UVC photofunctionalization could be more potentially favorable to synergistically improve the fibroblast response and inhibit P. g. adhesion on the smooth Ti-based surfaces.
Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging two-dimensional material with unique optical, thermoelectric, and mechanical properties, has been proposed as bioactive material for tissue engineering. However, its toxic effects on physiological systems remain obscure. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of BP to vascular endothelial cells. BP nanosheets (BPNSs) with a diameter of 230 nm were fabricated via a classical liquid-phase exfoliation method. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to determine the cytotoxicity induced by BPNSs (0.31–80 μg/mL). When the concentrations were over 2.5 μg/mL, BPNSs adversely affected the cytoskeleton and cell migration. Furthermore, BPNSs caused mitochondrial dysfunction and generated excessive intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tested concentrations after 24 h. BPNSs could influence the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including the P53 and BCL-2 family, resulting in the apoptosis of HUVECs. Therefore, the viability and function of HUVECs were adversely influenced by the concentration of BPNSs over 2.5 μg/mL. These findings provide significant information for the potential applications of BP in tissue engineering.
Background: Subthreshold depression is the prodromal stage of a depressive episode, which is characterized by depressive symptoms but fails to meet the diagnostic criteria for depression. At present, there is no recognized therapy for subthreshold depression worldwide. Studies have also shown that acupoint stimulation can significantly decrease depressive symptoms by modulating different executive control systems, such as reward circuits and motivational circuits. In this proposed study, our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of intradermal thumbtack needle therapy, a continuous and effective acupoint stimulation therapy, on subthreshold depression and generate hypotheses on the mechanism by which this therapy resets executive control system function in young patients with subthreshold depression.Method: In this randomized controlled trial, all eligible participants are diagnosed with subthreshold depression. Participants are randomly assigned to two groups at a ratio of 1:1 and receive either intradermal thumbtack needle or sham intradermal thumbtack needle therapy. The primary outcome is self-reported depression severity on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) from baseline to 6 weeks. The secondary outcomes include the Short Form Survey (SF-12) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) complementarity. Two psychological paradigms, the Attention Network Test (ANT) and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be used to evaluate the mechanism. These two psychological paradigms will explain the mechanism from the perspective of executive control in psychology, and fMRI will reflect the change in functional reset of the executive control system from an imaging point of view. The results are obtained at the start of treatment andthe end of treatment. The entire duration of the study will be approximately 12 months. Discussion: This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of intradermal thumbtack needle on StD patients. Additionally, mechanisms by which this therapy resets executive control system function will be studied Trial registration: NCT04319562. [ClinicalTrials.gov] [registered before start of inclusion; 24 March 2020] {2a and 2b}
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