Background Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes play important roles in antioxidant defenses and may influence CHD risk. The present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the link between GSTM1 null genotype and CHD and to get a precise evaluation of interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking by the case-only design. Methods PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched through December 15, 2020 to retrieve articles. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models. Results Thirty seven studies showed GSTM1 null genotype was associated with risk of CHD in total population, Caucasians and Asians (for total population, odds ratios (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.65; for Caucasians, OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.72; for Asians, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.77). After adjustment for heterogeneity, these relationships were still significant. After adjustment for heterogeneity, case-only analysis of 11 studies showed a positive multiplicative interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking (ever smoking vs. never smoking) (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; I2 = 0%, P = 0.553). Conclusions The overall results indicated that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a higher risk of CHD, and the association may be affected by smoking status. This is the first meta-analysis to prove a positive effect of the interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking status on the risk of CHD. Well-designed studies are needed to investigate the possible gene–gene or gene-environmental interactions.
Background Creating National Sanitary City (CNSC) promotes appearance, environment sanitation and public health including vector management of cities in China. However, vector management especially mosquito management and the related administrative productivity of Patriotic Health Campaign System (PHCS) of National Sanitary Cities (NSCs) were questioned by many pest control professionals and citizens. In this study, we studied mosquito management of NSCs taking Wuhan as an example. The study aimed to (1) determine the distribution and abundance of immature mosquito habitats in built-up areas of Wuhan and (2) better understand the related administration procedure in CNSC. Methods Immature mosquito habitat surveillance was carried out in randomly selected premises of driving schools (DSs), schools or kindergartens (SKs), property management residential areas (PMRAs), construction sites (CSs), wide roads with storm drains (WRSDs) and urban creeks (UCs) in built-up areas of Wuhan from July to October 2015 followed by questionnaire interviews with one each of premise occupants and district departments responsible for mosquito management in these premises. Results Total of 64.1 km of route were inspected in 36 DSs, 36 SKs, 36 PMRAs, 36 CSs and 36 segments of WRSD and 2,158 potential mosquito habitats with 749 (35%) mosquito-positive habitats were found. The route index (RI) was 11.7, which was 14.6 times higher than the grade C criteria for vector density control (RI = 0.8 positive habitats/km) in CNSC. Occupants of 36 DSs, 36 SKs, 36 PMRAs, 34 CSs were interviewed and 77% of them reported no difference in mosquito infestation in their premises since 2013 and 80% of them knew about the responsibility and arrangements of PHCS of mosquito management in their
Background Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has been one of the predominant causative agents of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this research was to study the situation of drug-resistant A. baumannii contamination in the dust on the return vent filters of air-conditioners in health care settings. Methods The study was conducted in 34 wards of three tertiary hospitals in Wuhan from November 2018 to November 2021. The dust samples on the return vent filters of air-conditioners were collected and inoculated on chromogenic media. A. baumannii were identified by time of flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility testings were performed on the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Ten β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was detected by PCR and quantitative PCR. Results A total of 279 strains producing β-lactamases and carbapenems were screened from 218 dust samples. A. baumannii was detected in 16.97% (37/218) of dust samples. The positive rate of dust samples in different wards were as follows: intensive care unites (ICUs) 20.97% (13/62), surgical wards 20.51% (16/78) and internal medicine wards 10.26% (8/78). Of the 49 A. baumannii colonies isolated, 12 were multidrug-resistance A. baumannii (MDRAB) with the highest proportion in ICUs. The frequency of blaADC, blaOXA−51, blaOXA−23 and blaKPC, blaVIM, blaTEM, blaCTX−M, blaSHV in A. baumannii were 100.00% (49/49), 79.59% (39/49), 59.18% (29/49), 59.18% (29/49), 46.94% (23/49), 44.90% (22/49), 32.65% (16/49) and 14.29% (7/49), respectively. However, blaIMP and blaNDM−1 were not detected. The relative quantitative value of ARGs from high to low were blaADC > blaOXA−51 > blaKPC > blaTEM > blaOXA−23 > blaCTX−M > blaVIM > blaSHV. Conclusion Drug-resistant A. baumannii was commom in the dust on the return vent filters of air-conditioners in hospital wards, especially in ICUs. ARGs of blaADC, blaOXA−51, and blaKPC genes were most in need of attention. The relative quantitative value of blaOXA−23 and blaTEM had a positive correlation with the drug resistance of A. baumannii.
Background Numerous case-control studies have investigated the association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and CHD risk, but the results from published studies were inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database searches were conducted to retrieve relevant articles. Results Ultimately, 5,451 CHD cases and 5,561 controls from 15 studies were included. Pooled analysis did not yield any statistically significant association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and CHD risk for the overall population (Val vs. Ile: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.18; Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.42; Val/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.28; Val/Val vs. Val/Ile+Ile/Ile: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.30; Val/Val+Val/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.33). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses indicated that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was still not associated with an increased risk of CHD. After excluding studies detected by Galbraith plots as major sources of heterogeneity, these relationships were still not significant. Conclusions The overall results did not reveal a major role of the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism in modulating CHD risk. Well-designed studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate our findings and explore the possible gene-gene or gene-environment interactions.
The emergence and widely global spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates are of great concern. This multi-center study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, the disinfectant resistance genes and genetic relationship of CRKP isolates from inpatients in Wuhan, China. Seventy-four nonduplicated CRKP clinical isolates were collected from six hospitals in Wuhan from June 2018 toMarch 2019. MICs of eighteen antibiotics were determined. Real-time PCR was used to detect the presence of disinfectant resistance genes qacEΔ1 and cepA. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were conducted for genetic relatedness of 46 CRKP isolates co-producing qacEΔ1 and cepA. Among 74 CRKP isolates, the rates of resistance to carbapenems were 93.24% to ertapenem, 90.54% to imipenem and 87.84% to meropenem, all isolates were resistant to at least one carbapenem antibiotic. Only the rate of susceptibility to tetracycline was 52.70%. 64.86% (48/74) of them were positive for qacEΔ1, 93.24% (69/74) for cepA, the cepA gene was much more prevalent than qacEΔ1, there is a significant difference (x2 = 17.00,P<0.05), qacEΔ1 and cepA were detected concomitantly in 46 isolates (62.16%),only 4.05% (3/74) had no disinfectant resistance genes. PFGE analysis clustered the 46 CRKP strains co-producing qacEΔ1 and cepA into 15 different clonal clusters (Type A to O) using 80% similarity as the cut-off, the most common clonal clusters were Type C (41.30%), Type E (13.04%), Type J (8.70%), Type I (6.52%) and Type L (6.52%). The study showed high rates of resistance to the majority antibiotics, high frequency of qacEΔ1 and cepAin CRKP isolates, PFGE results suggest polyclonal dissemination, specific clonal disseminations of CRKP either within the same hospital or between different hospitals were detected. Therefore, medical institutions should choose and use disinfectants correctly to prevent the spread of CRKP.
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