As the data-analysts job market grows, many colleges and universities have started offering a data analytics curriculum. However, there are potential gaps between the skills business organizations expect of data analysts and the skills universities and colleges teach their students. This study collected 2500+ data-analyst job ads posted on LinkedIn and analyzed them using distribution analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, and cluster analysis. Among many findings, this study identified five most essential nontechnical skills and five most essentials areas of technical skills. In addition, of 90+ computer programs business organizations expect data analysts to use, this study identified SQL, Microsoft Excel, Tableau, Python, and Microsoft Power BI to be the five most essential computer programs for potential data analysts to master.
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising candidate for improving the spectraland energy-efficiency of millimeter-wave (mmWave) Internet of vehicles (IoV) communications, but the conception of their accurate channel estimation poses. Hence the existing estimation methods mainly focus on time-invariant channels, while ignoring the Doppler effect induced by the high-velocity vehicles, which will lead to significant performance degradation. In this paper, we investigate the problem of channel estimation in RIS-aided mmWave IoV systems considering the deleterious Doppler effect. Firstly, we derive the expression of the time-varying cascaded two-hop multiple-path channels, where each delay tap is subject to multiple paths instead of having a simple one-to-one correspondence. In order to decouple the paths, the problem is formulated in the delay-domain by a series of transformations and the cascaded two-hop channel can be estimated at each delay tap. Then we propose a pair of estimation strategies by considering different hardware constraints depending on the number of receiver antennas at the base station (BS). When a large receiver array is employed at the BS, we can exploit its high angular selectivity for distinguishing each resolvable path at a certain delay tap because they arrive from different directions. However, this cannot be achieved for small arrays, given their more limited angular resolution. Thus, the RIS reflection patterns are delicately designed for distinguishing multiple resolvable paths. After separating the paths, Doppler estimation can be performed by calculating the phase difference of the adjacent symbols. Our simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods within a wide range of Doppler shifts.
The birth of wireless communication systems nearly a century ago has transformed and redefined the way humans communicate and interact. This transformation has evolved over many years and has brought along not only seamless connectivity for human interactions but also communication between machines and devices. While these communication systems are manmade artifacts, the research community has more recently turned its attention to other communication strategies that have spontaneously evolved in nature. These are at the basis of the information flow among and within biological cells, the fundamental units of life, and their organization into more complex organisms. At the basis of these strategies, information is encoded into molecules and exchanged through chemical reactions and molecule transport processes. The molecular
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