Sea-level rise (SLR) due to climate change is a serious global threat: The scientific evidence is now overwhelming. Continued growth of greenhouse gas emissions and associated global warming could well promote SLR of 1 m in this century, and unexpectedly rapid breakup of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets might produce a 3-5 m SLR. In this paper, we assess the consequences of continued SLR for 84 coastal developing countries. Geographic Information System (GIS) software has been used to overlay the best available, spatially disaggregated global data on critical impact elements (land, population, agriculture, urban extent, wetlands, and GDP), with the inundation zones projected for 1-5 m SLR. Our results reveal that tens of millions of people in the developing world are likely to be displaced by SLR within this century; and accompanying economic and ecological damage will be severe for many. At the country level results are extremely skewed, with severe impacts limited to a relatively small number of countries.

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(1 of 30)additionally, it leads to reliable and manageable energy delivery. [2] Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been the first choice for EES owing to their remarkable energy density, excellent cycle life, and small volume compared to other rechargeable batteries since they were successfully sold by SONY in 1991. [3] Nevertheless, their widespread applications have been limited due to sterile Li resources, high cost, toxic electrolytes, safety problems, and other disadvantages. [4] To date, environmentally friendly aqueous batteries using multi-valent charge carriers, such as Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ , have attracted attention because multiple electrons are involved in the redox reactions during intercalation, as well as higher capacity and energy density can be achieved. However, only a few cathode materials are available for Mg 2+ diffusion, and the passivation of Mg anode greatly restricts the further transport of Mg 2+ ions. Al battery anode also forms a protective oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) film in the aqueous electrolyte, which affects the battery performance. Hence, Mg and Al batteries are under investigation and are still a long way from practical application and commercialization. [5] ZIBs have attracted interest in grid-scale energy storage compared to other energy storage technologies owing to the following advantages: 1) ZIBs can be easily manufactured in an open-air environment, so the total cost of manufacturing ZIBs is much lower than other batteries (Li + /Na + /K + -ion) which require an inert environment for production. [6] 2) The price of Zn (0.5−1.5 $/lb) is much lower than that of Li (8−11 $/lb), and the reserves of Zn (79 ppm) are approximately four times than those of Li (17ppm). [7] 3) Zn as an anode exhibits a high theoretical volumetric (5855 mAh cm −3 ) and gravimetric capacity (820 mAh g −1 ), low electrochemical potential of −0.762 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), and two-electron transfer during redox reaction, contributing to a high-energy density. [8] 4) ZIBs are highly safe, not only because Zn anode is non-toxic and stable in the general environment, but also because a majority of ZIBs electrolytes used are aqueous with higher ionic conductivity (10 −1 −6 S cm −1 ) than flammable and toxic organic solvents (10 −3 −10 −2 S cm −1 ). [9] Furthermore, the normal Zn salts (ZnSO 4

Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41 is an aerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming bacterium that has been used with great success in mosquito control programs worldwide. Genome sequencing revealed that the complete genome of this entomopathogenic bacterium is composed of a chromosomal replicon of 4,639,821 bp and a plasmid replicon of 177,642 bp, containing 4,786 and 186 potential protein-coding sequences, respectively. Comparison of the genome with other published sequences indicated that the B. sphaericus C3-41 chromosome is most similar to that of Bacillus sp. strain NRRL B-14905, a marine species that, like B. sphaericus, is unable to metabolize polysaccharides. The lack of key enzymes and sugar transport systems in the two bacteria appears to be the main reason for this inability, and the abundance of proteolytic enzymes and transport systems may endow these bacteria with exclusive metabolic pathways for a wide variety of organic compounds and amino acids. The genes shared between B. sphaericus C3-41 and Bacillus sp. strain NRRL B-14905, including mobile genetic elements, membrane-associated proteins, and transport systems, demonstrated that these two species are a biologically and phylogenetically divergent group. Knowledge of the genome sequence of B. sphaericus C3-41 thus increases our understanding of the bacilli and may also offer prospects for future genetic improvement of this important biological control agent.