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WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Endovascular stenting has been used successfully in the management of symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection (IMAD) aneurysms. However, no study has compared the use of bare stents alone versus stent assisted coiling in IMAD aneurysms. The results of this study indicate that bare stents alone and stent assisted coiling have high technical success rates and demonstrate good mid-term patency in patients with IMAD aneurysms. Bare stents alone may serve as an alternative to stent assisted coiling for the management of IMAD aneurysms. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the outcomes of endovascular treatment with bare stents alone versus stent assisted coiling in isolated mesenteric artery dissection (IMAD) aneurysms. Methods: Patients with an IMAD aneurysm who underwent endovascular stenting between February 2010 and February 2017 at one of three institutions were included in this study. Data regarding technical success, procedure time, symptom resolution, complications, changes in IMAD aneurysm, and stent patency were recorded. Results: A total of 38 patients (35 men) were included, 27 treated with bare stents alone and 11 treated with stent assisted coiling. Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients treated with bare stents and in 81.8% of those treated with stent assisted coiling (p ¼ 0.078). The mean procedure times were 62.6 AE 5.3 min for treatment with bare stents and 116.4 AE 8.4 min for stent assisted coiling (p < 0.001). A total of 23 patients had persistent symptoms before stenting; all symptoms were resolved within 3.0 AE 0.7 days. No procedure related major complications occurred. Over 30.2 AE 18.1 months of follow up, complete resolution of the IMAD aneurysm was achieved in all patients; good stent patency and in stent re-stenosis were achieved in 65.8% and 34.2% patients, respectively. There were no occlusions of the stented arteries. Conclusions: Bare stents alone and stent assisted coiling have high technical success rates and demonstrate good intermediate patency in patients with an IMAD aneurysm. Bare stents alone may serve as an alternative to stent assisted coiling for the management of IMAD aneurysm

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Isolated mesenteric artery dissection (IMAD) is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic condition with variable and unpredictable outcomes. This condition is generally treated successfully by conservative management. Factors that may be associated with the failure of conservative management in patients with symptomatic IMAD have not been explored previously. The results of this study indicate that the risk factors for failed conservative management are type II IMAD (as defined by the Sakamoto classification: meaning that there is an entry tear, but no re-entry, and still no false lumen thrombosis), and !90% luminal stenosis.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with conservative management failure in patients with symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection. Methods: Patients with symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection who underwent conservative therapy as first line treatment between February 2010 and May 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Conservative management failure was defined as the persistence or aggravation of symptoms and signs, increasing aneurysmal dilation, or new appearance of a dissecting aneurysm after conservative management. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for failure of conservative management. Results: A total of 123 patients (115 men, 8 women, mean age, 53.7 AE 6.1 years) were included in this study. Conservative management was successful in 89 (72.4%) patients but failed in the remaining 34 (27.6%) patients. Of the 89 for whom conservative management was successful, all of the symptoms were eliminated (n ¼ 81) or relieved (n ¼ 8) within 3.8 AE 0.7 days after conservative management. All of the 34 patients in whom conservative management failed underwent successful endovascular stenting. Failure of conservative management was associated with type II IMADs as defined by the Sakamoto classification (meaning that there is an entry tear, but no re-entry, and still no thrombosis of false lumen, odds ratio: 33.76; 95% confidence interval 8.65e131.85; p < .001) and with !90% luminal stenosis (odds ratio 40.70; 95% confidence interval: 3.76e440.07; p < .01). Conclusions: Conservative management can be used successfully in most patients with symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection. Risk factors for failed conservative treatment were type II IMADs and degree of luminal stenosis !90%.

To review the clinical evidence for ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis (UACDT) using the EKOS system in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in terms of case selection, procedural outcomes, clinical outcomes and safety outcomes. A systematic literature search strategy was used to identify the use of the EKOS system in the treatment of DVT using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane databases and the Web of Science. The references in the relevant literature were also screened. Our literature search identified a total of 16 unique clinical studies. Twelve of the sixteen studies were retrospective case series studies. To date, only one randomised controlled trial (RCT) is available. Overall, UACDT using the EKOS system was performed 548 times in 512 patients. Among all cases, 77-100% achieved substantial lysis (> 50%) based on the different definitions of the individual studies. This treatment modality appears to be safe, as there were no reported procedure-related pulmonary embolisms (PE) and only one procedure-related death was reported. Bleeding events were reported in 14 of the 16 studies, and 3.9% (20/512) of the cases of bleeding were considered major. During the follow-up, post-thrombotic syndrome was observed in 17.1% (20/117) of cases. UACDT using the EKOS system is an effective, safe and promising treatment modality for DVT, but the existing clinical evidence is inadequate to make UACDT using the EKOS system the first-line choice for DVT. Additional prospective large-sample RCTs with long-term follow-ups are warranted to define the role of UACDT using the EKOS system in the treatment of DVT.