Systemicity
is a desirable property for insecticides. Many phytochemicals
show good systemic properties and thus are natural sources of novel
systemic insecticidal ingredients. Bruceine D, a quassinoid, was identified
in Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. and displayed
outstanding systemic properties and excellent antifeedant activity
against the diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), and cotton leafworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius). Its antifeedant effect on third instar larvae of DBM
was approximately 6.2-fold stronger than that of azadirachtin. When
bruceine D was applied to roots at a concentration of 100 μg/mL
for 24 and 48 h, its concentration in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utiliz Tsen et Lee) leaves was
38.69 μg/g (fresh weight, FW) and 108.45 μg/g (FW), respectively.
These concentrations could achieve 93.80% and 96.83% antifeedant effects,
which were significantly greater than those of azadirachtin. Similar
to azadirachtin, bruceine D also posed a potent growth inhibition
effect on insect larvae. After feeding with 20 μg/g bruceine
D, no pupae were observed. The results demonstrated that bruceine
D is an effective botanical insect antifeedant with outstanding systemic
properties, causing potent pest growth inhibitory activity.
The current prevalence of erosive esophagitis in Taiwan is 17.3%. Male sex, smoking, obesity, and hiatus hernia are four independent risk factors for the development of erosive esophagitis in the Taiwanese population.
Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs are related to the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), but the conclusions are still controversial and inconclusive. We performed this meta-analysis to further assess the association between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-149 T>C (rs2292832), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913), miR-499 A>G (rs3746444) and risk of IS in Chinese individuals.Methods: Relevant studies were identified in the databases of PubMed, Embase. The strength of correlation between microRNAs polymorphisms and IS risk was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) under five genetic models.Results: 5 studies, containing 2,632 cases and 3,191 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results of meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant association between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-149 T>C (rs2292832), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913), and the IS risk in the overall analyses. MiR-499 A>G (rs3746444) was associated with an increased IS risk under allele model (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02–1.66), heterozygous model (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01–1.79) and dominant model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02–1.80) in Chinese. The sensitivity analysis results of these four polymorphisms were similar to the overall results.Conclusion: MiR-499 A>G (rs3746444) G allele and AG, AG + AA genotype might be risk factors of IS in Chinese. No significant association was observed between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-149 T>C (rs2292832), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913), and IS risk. The associations may be different due to geographical factors of China. More explorations in more diverse geographically regions with large sample size are expected to further verify the findings in the future.
The high fall rate of the elderly brings enormous challenges to families and the medical system; therefore, early risk assessment and intervention are quite necessary. Compared to other sensor-based technologies, in-shoe plantar pressure sensors, effectiveness and low obtrusiveness are widely used for long-term fall risk assessments because of their portability. While frequently-used bipedal center-of-pressure (COP) features are derived from a pressure sensing platform, they are not suitable for the shoe system or pressure insole owing to the lack of relative position information. Therefore, in this study, a definition of "weak foot" was proposed to solve the sensitivity problem of single foot features and facilitate the extraction of temporal consistency related features. Forty-four multidimensional weak foot features based on single foot COP were correspondingly extracted; notably, the relationship between the fall risk and temporal inconsistency in the weak foot were discussed in this study, and probability distribution method was used to analyze the symmetry and temporal consistency of gait lines. Though experiments, foot pressure data were collected from 48 subjects with 24 high risk (HR) and 24 low risk (LR) ones obtained by the smart footwear system. The final models with 87.5% accuracy and 100% sensitivity on test data outperformed the base line models using bipedal COP. The results and feature space shown the novel features of wearable plantar pressure could comprehensively evaluate the difference between HR and LR groups. Our fall risk assessment models Manuscript
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