stimuli, such as electricity (electroresponsive), heat (thermoresponsive), and strain (mechanoresponsive), are being intensively investigated for energy applications and intelligent optical modulation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In this context, thermoresponsive SWs (TRSWs) with self-adaptiveness, external energy consumption-free nature, as well as maximum use of daylight have attracted considerable interest. [8][9][10] Common strategies to construct thermoresponsive SWs are using the thermally induced phase transition accompanied by a sharp change in the optical properties at a welldefined critical temperature (T c ). [8,11] For example, vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) undergoes a reversible metal-semiconductor phase transition at 68 °C, achieving the desired optical transmittance reduction, especially in the IR spectral range. [9,[12][13][14][15] Similarly, hydrogels, [10,[16][17][18][19][20] halide perovskites, [21][22][23] liquid crystals, [24][25][26] and ionic liquids, [27,28] achieve light modulation in response to temperature change by means of different reversible transitions, e.g., hydrophilic-hydrophobic, crystal structure and configuration transition, etc.However, common challenges with phase transition-based TRSWs, such as a fixed T c , matrix environment dependence, and the materials' unfavorable physicochemical characteristics, continue to impede the rapid development and popularity of TRSWs. For example, the high T c of 68 °C in VO 2 and even higher of 100 °C in certain perovskites render these materials less useful for energy-efficient building applications that require response near room temperature. [29][30][31] Moreover, the occurrence of some phase transitions relies on moisture or even a liquid matrix environment (e.g., the orientation change in liquid crystals, the recrystallization in some perovskites, and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic transition of the hydrogel), so that vigorous encapsulation is necessary to maintain the stability of TRSWs, increasing the complexity and cost of manufacturing. [10,32,33] Meanwhile, inherent physicochemical properties of these phase-transition materials might bring adverse effects to the SWs: the low transmittance in VO 2 -based TRSW weakens its ability to transmit sunlight and brings poor aesthetic effect; [9] the inherent water-swollen structure and fragile mechanical strength of hydrogels raise concerns over the durability of the TRSWs. [10] Critically, all reported phase-transition materials like VO 2 , Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), and lead Thermoresponsive smart windows (TRSWs) take great advantages in energyefficient buildings and on-demand devices owing to their self-adaptiveness and external energy consumption-free nature. Currently used TRSWs largely rely on thermal-induced phase transitions in single-material systems, however, the intrinsic characteristics of which may not be suited for practical window utilization, such as poor luminous transparency and fixed critical temperature (T c ). Herein, an adaptive TRSW based on dynamic refractive index (RI) matchin...
Regulating the exchange bias (EB) effect via an external field allows one to effectively tailor the properties of the spin-valve-based spintronic devices. However, as a reliable way to manipulate the...
Herein, we demonstrate a new information encryption strategy based on multilayer quasi-amorphous photonic structures (QAPS) composed of alternating arrangements of high and low refractive index materials. The new designs are...
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