Non-ionizing radiations, e.g., radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, could induce DNA damage and oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) which can be early events in cataractogenesis. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) as another common form of manmade electromagnetic fields has been considered as suspected human carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and become a focus that people play more and more attentions to. This study aimed to determine whether ELF MF can induce DNA damage in cultured human LECs at a relatively low intensity. Human LECs were exposed or sham-exposed to a 50 Hz ELF MF which produced by a well-designed exposure system at the intensity of 0.4 mT. DNA damage in human LECs was examined by the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (gH2AX) foci formation assay and further explored with western blot, flow cytometry, and alkaline comet assay. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that 0.4 mT ELF MF did not significantly increase gH2AX foci formation in human LECs after 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hr exposure. No significant differences had been detected in gH2AX expression level between the ELF MFand sham-exposure groups, while no obvious chromosomal DNA fragmentation was detected by alkaline comet assay after ELF MF exposure. The results indicate an absence of genotoxicity in ELF MF-exposed human epithelial cells and do not support the hypothesis that environmental ELF MF might be causally led to genomic instability via chromosomal damage response processes. Neither short nor long term continuous exposure to 50 Hz ELF MF at 0.4 mT could induce DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells in vitro. Anat Rec, 299:688-697,

ObjectivesWe developed an informational support questionnaire of transitional care (ISQTC) for aged patients with chronic disease and investigated its reliability and validity.SettingThis study was conducted in three large general hospitals in Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 130 aged patients with chronic diseases, admitted into outpatient and inpatient departments from three hospitals in China, participated in the study. The inclusion criteria were: (1) patients must provide consent to participate; (2) being 60 years and above; (3) being diagnosed with at least one chronic disease and hospitalised more than two times within the last 1 year; (4) being able to listen, speak, read and write. The exclusion criteria were: (1) refusing to participate; (2) language expression and communication barriers (and having no caregiver to assist in participation); (3) being in intensive care or long-term hospitalisation.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe developed questionnaire was validated and tested for reliability. The content validity of the questionnaire was determined through experts’ interviews and Delphi expert consultation, and the structure validity of the questionnaire was determined by performing exploratory factor analysis. The coefficient of reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsThrough Delphi expert consultation and exploratory factor analysis, the questionnaire was reduced from four dimensions and 12 items to three dimensions and 11 items. A total of 130 patients responded to the questionnaire. The alpha coefficient was 0.747.ConclusionThe ISQTC is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating aged patients with chronic disease in transitional care.Trial registration detailsChiCTR1900020923. The trial was registered on 22 January 2019.

Aims In this paper, we present a study aiming to develop a questionnaire on instrumental support for transitional care as a tool for investigating services, staff, equipment and supplies, and funds of transitional care and conduct a cross‐sectional study on the current instrumental support for transitional care in older adults with chronic diseases. Design A cross‐sectional study combining instrumental support with transitional care through a mixed‐method approach. Methods Data are collected through two sources: distribution of the questionnaire to older adults with chronic diseases and interviews with experts from different specialties such as nursing, clinical medicine, geriatrics, sociology and government. Results The developed questionnaire and expert interviews will be used to investigate the current instrumental support for transitional care among older adults with chronic diseases in China. These findings can help leaders identify areas for improvement in transitional care and contribute to the long‐term positive development of transitional care.

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Background Instrumental support, which is defined as practical, tangible, and informational assistance extended to patients, is crucial for older people in transition. However, little is known about instrumental support in transitional care. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the instrumental support of older people in transitional care. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Questionnaire of Instrumental Support in Transitional Care (QISCT) to collect data from 747 older people in China from September to November 2020. Survey items consisted of a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the QISCT. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between independent variables and the QISCT scores. Results The total score of the QISCT was 39.43 (± 9.11), and there was a significant gap between the anticipated support and received support. The satisfaction of instrumental support was low. Multiple regression analyses showed that educational level, the number of intimate relationships, monthly family income, monthly costs of transitional care, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with instrumental support in transitional care. Conclusions To cope with the burden caused by chronic disease, the government and transitional care teams should establish a demand-oriented transitional care service model and pay more attention to helping older people obtain adequate and satisfactory instrumental support.

To evaluate the current situation and associated factors of informational support for older adults with chronic diseases in transitional care. Study was conducted in five hospitals of five different cities in Jiangsu Province, China. A random cluster sample of 800 older adults with chronic diseases responded to the informational support questionnaire of transitional care survey. Descriptive analysis, t-tests, variance analysis, and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to analyze data. The STROBE statement for observational studies was applied. Total score of ISQTC for older adults with chronic diseases was (44.05 ± 17.21). Marital status, educational level, past occupation, close friends, medical insurance, complications, and exercise habits were significantly correlated with informational support. The level of informational support in transitional care for older adults with chronic diseases was low. Clinical staff should periodically and primarily assess their informational support, help find information resources for those who have low initial informational support, and identify which information they preferred to carry out accurate transitional care.

1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKSFor the quantitative analysis of diffraction effioianoy of all kinds of grating modulation phase psendoohromatio encoding plates, the present paper initiates an elementary method whereby the diffraotion efficiency of enooding plates of aamy picture can be figured oat with the aid of oampater.Qaantitatively, the paper analyzes the ohromatio difference and metamerism of pseudoohromatio encoding and therein are presented the reunite of quantitative analysis for the ohramatio repeating, the ohromatio resolving power of encoding and the chromatic oharaoteristios of zeroth -order and t1st -order diffraotion. 2. QJANTITATIVE ANALYSIS CF DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY (1) Diffraction efficiency of rectangular grating modulation encoding plate If the phase distribution of picture after bleaching, pg), assumes the form of an elementary ;fix P function of Fourier transform i.e. e aQC p xpli In the frequency spectrum sapsfaoe of the white light system the light amplitude distribution is given by See the end of article).and then the diffraction efficiency of the nth -order picture is given bywhere a is the width of transparent part of grating, b the width of opaque part of grating, and A(N.) the amplitude corresponding to the light of wavelegth .,in the illuminant white light, and tiara we define ded.b and eá. According to Fourier analysing principle, there can be worked oat the diffraotion efficiency of any picture encoding plates.(2) Diffraction efficiency of sinusoidal grating modulation encoding plate.When the amplitude tramamissitivity of encoding plate takes the following elementary form i.e.{ (% »exp ( n Si n 2,rcX th ' the qth -order diffraction efficiency, correspondingly, is '4=4(1-) Ì (3) Diffraction efficiency of overlapped -layer cambinated encoding plate. We modulate two pictures by means of retangnlar gratings orthogonal to each other and transform them into overlapped -layer oambinated encoding plate. When the phase distribution of these two pio-Lures assumes the form of Fourier transform elementary function, the ili2tb -order diffraotion efficiencies are given by . S 4 . 2 ., iz 1-ef tut( (,)sTncii-8)121'6-eJS;71 f-e)4 S ncieZ0 +( -e) S ne / -ei, s. nc2Q -e)c:J 3. ryfJANTITATII/E ANALYSIS OF CRROMIBANCE (1) Quantitative analysis of chromatio difference.We take CIE standard illuminant D65 and standard light source A as light sources, draw their CIE 1931 chromatic diagram of the zeroth -order dif-185 PI, 15 ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFRACTION EFFICIBfCY AHD THE CHROMINANCE OP SILVER-HALIDB-BLEACHED PSBDBOCHEOMATIC STCQDIHG 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS For the quantitative analysis of diffraction efficiency of all kinds of grating modulation phase pseudoohromatio encoding plates, the present paper initiates an elementary Method whereby the diffraction efficiency of encoding plates of any picture can be figured out with the aid of oompater. Quantitatively, the paper analyzes the chromatic difference and metamerism ef pseudochromatio encoding and therein are presented the results of quantitative analysis for the...

Background: Previous studies indicated that poor quantity and quality of instrumental support are one of the main barriers in the application of transitional care. Instrumental support, as one common function of social support, is the provision of financial assistance, material goods, or services. The purpose of our study is to develop a Instrumental Support in Transitional Care Questionnaire (ISTCQ), and use this questionnaire to make an assessment among older adults with chronic diseases. Methods: The draft questionnaire was examined by 18 experts from different professional fields performing three rounds of content validity testing with Delphi method. Afterwards, we conducted a pilot test recruiting 174 participants as a convenience sample in Nantong, China. The construct validity was confirmed via exploratory factor analysis and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: The authority coefficient of experts was 0.74-0.99 and Kendall harmony coefficient W was 0.381. The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the questionnaire can be interpreted by three factors: namely, anticipated support (items 1, 2, 3, 4), received support (items 5, 6, 7, 8) and support satisfaction (items 9, 10, 11, 12). These three factors (eigenvalues > 1 and factor loading > 0.4) explained 69.128% of the total variance. Furthermore, the calculation of Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability have showed good reliability among each dimension of the 12-item questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.711–0.827, test-retest reliability 0.704-0.818). Conclusion: Results from the pilot test demonstrated excellent reliability and validity of ISTCQ through each dimension and as an entire.