Temperature-sensitive organic nanoparticles with AIE effect were assembled in water from tetraphenylethene-based poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (TPE-PNIPAM), which was synthesized by ATRP using TPE derivative as initiator. The size and fluorescence of TPE-PNIPAM nanoparticles can be tuned by varying the temperature. These nanoparticles can be internalized readily by HeLa cells and can be used as long-term tracer in live cells to be retained for as long as seven passages.
Despite the number of antibiotics used in routine clinical practice, bacterial infections continue to be one of the most important challenges faced in humans. The main concerns arise from the continuing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the difficulties faced with the pharmaceutical development of new antibiotics. Thus, advancements in the avenue of novel antibacterial agents are essential. In this study, gold (Au) was combined with silver (Ag), a well-known antibacterial material, to form silver nanoparticles producing a gold-silver alloy structure with hollow interiors and porous walls (gold-silver nanocage). This novel material was promising in antibacterial applications due to its better biocompatibility than Ag nanoparticles, potential in photothermal effects and drug delivery ability. The gold-silver nanocage was then tested for its antibacterial properties and the mechanism involved leading to its antibacterial properties. This study confirms that this novel gold-silver nanocage has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties exerting its effects through the destruction of the cell membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of cell apoptosis. Therefore, we introduce a novel goldsilver nanocage that serves as a potential nanocarrier for the future delivery of antibiotics.
The
overprescription and improper use of antibiotics have contributed
to the evolution of bacterial resistance, making it urgent to develop
alternative therapies and agents with better efficacy as well as less
toxicity to combat bacterial infections and keep new resistance from
developing. In this work, a novel light-activable nano-antibiotic
platform (TC-PCM@GNC-PND) was constructed by the incorporation of
gold nanocages (GNC) and two thermosensitive gatekeepers, phase-change
materials (PCM) and thermosensitive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)
(PND), to realize precisely the synergy of photothermal and antimicrobial
drugs. GNC exhibits an excellent photothermal effect owing to its
strong absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and hollow interiors
make it a favorable vehicle for loading various antibiotics such as
tetracycline (TC). The release of the encapsulated drugs could be
precisely controlled by NIR light through the dual thermosensitive
interaction of liquid–solid transition of PCM and coil–granule
transition of PND, improving efficacy and alleviating side effects
with on-demand drug release. The thermosensitive hydrogel was formed
in situ upon application with body temperature, enhancing retention
of the antimicrobial agent in local infectious sites. Highly effective
ablation of bacteria is achieved both in vitro and in periodontitis
models with little toxicity owing to the synergy of photothermal effects
and chemotherapeutic drug release induced by NIR. This study could
provide guidance for the design of antibacterial materials and shed
substantial light on synergistic treatment.
Gold nanocages (AuNCs), with high photothermal conversion efficiency and unique hollow interiors, have become a promising nanoplatform for synergistic phototheraml therapy (PTT)-chemotherapy. However, the insufficient tumor targeting, in vivo premature drug leakage and low drug loading efficiency responsible for the spatial-temporal un-synchronization of PTT-chemotherapy, as well as inflammatory response might compromise the anticancer treatment of AuNCs-based drug delivery systems.Methods: Cancer cell membrane (CCM)-coated AuNCs were developed to load anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX@CAuNCs) by transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient method. In vitro and in vivo analysis, including characterization, macrophage phagocytosis and tumor targeting capacity, near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced drug release, antitumor efficacy and inflammation response were systematically performed.Results: DOX@CAuNCs showed a high DOX loading capacity and on-demand NIR laser-triggered DOX release compared with CAuNCs passively loading DOX by electrostatic adsorption, a commonly used method to load drug to AuNCs. Meanwhile, in view of the properties of CCM coated on AuNCs, DOX@CAuNCs exhibited decreased macrophage phagocytosis, prolonged blood circulation and enhanced internalization by cancer cells, generating preferable tumor targeting ability. With these integrated advantages, DOX@CAuNCs demonstrated highly efficient and precise spatial-temporal synchronization of PTT-chemotherapy, achieving complete tumor ablation with no obvious side effects. Besides, coating with CCM significantly alleviated AuNCs-induced inflammatory response.Conclusion: This biomimetic AuNCs-based platform might be a prospective drug delivery system for precision PTT and chemotherapy, acquiring desired cancer treatment efficacy and low inflammatory response.
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