Photoelectrochemical
(PEC) nitrogen (N2) fixation technology
provides the possibility to produce ammonia (NH3) under
mild conditions, but the efficiency of N2 reduction in
this process is greatly limited due to the high bond energy and ionic
potential of N2. Herein, the Vo-TiO2/Ag/TiO2 photoelectrode consisting of rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays, Ag nanoparticles, and anatase TiO2 nanosheets
with oxygen vacancies (Vo-TiO2) was constructed
for accelerating the PEC reduction of N2 into ammonia.
The separation of photogenerated carriers can be promoted by the heterojunction
among TiO2 nanorods, Ag nanoparticles, and Vo-TiO2 nanosheets. Furthermore, the photogenerated electrons
from the conduction band of TiO2 and the hot electrons
from Ag nanoparticles’ local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)
effect were injected into the conduction band of Vo-TiO2, and they were further captured by Vo-TiO2 oxygen vacancy and can reduce N2 that adsorbed
on the catalyst to NH3. Without any sacrificial agent,
the average NH3 production rate can reach 51.2 μg
h–1 cm–2. The catalyst exhibited
excellent stability even after multiple uses. The LSPR effect of Ag
nanoparticles and heterojunction structure promote the better PEC
performance of TiO2 nanorod arrays.
The ternary In2O3−Ag−TiO2 composites based on anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) were synthesized to extend the light responsive region, enhance the visible light absorption, reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers and promote the efficiency of water splitting for H2 evolution. Highly ordered TNTs were first prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti sheets. Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of about 20 nm were then uniformly deposited inside and on the orifice of the TNTs. In2O3 nanoparticles synthesized through a solvent‐thermal method were subsequently modified on the Ag−TNTs using an ultrasound‐assisted electrophoresis method. In2O3−Ag−TNTs composites exhibited enhanced visible light absorption and photocurrent when compared to binary Ag−TNTs and In2O3−TNTs. As a result, the optimal hydrogen generation rate using the In2O3−Ag−TNTs composite under visible light irradiation was 1.92 μmol cm−2 h−1, 5 times higher than that of the pure TNTs.
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