Increasing evidence has demonstrated a vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse biological processes. However, their functions in developing brain with hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remain largely unknown. Through a miRNA microarray analysis in a P10 rat model of cerebral HI, we found that miR-30d-5p was one of the most deregulated miRNAs in neonatal brains in response to HI. MiR-30d-5p was downregulated in a time-dependent manner in brain cortex after HI, which was accompanied by increased expression of Beclin1 both at transcript and protein levels. Increase of miR-30d-5p by agomir (AG) resulted in reduction of autophagy and increase of apoptosis, whereas inhibition of miR-30d-5p by antagomir (AT) enhanced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in rat brains after HI. Moreover, miR-30d-5p AG increased infarct volume, delayed recovery of neurological function, and impaired improvement of spatial memory ability. MiR-30d-5p AT decreased infarct volume, promoted neurological recovery, and improved behavior performance of rats subjected to HI. Collectively, these results indicated that miR-30d-5p modulated survival programs of neural cell by regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
Although the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear, the disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is suspected to be the main culprit in the development of PCOS. Kisspeptin, a hypothalamic peptide encoded by the KISS1 gene, is widely reported as a key factor in the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH)/ follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion, which may be potentially involved with the development of PCOS.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to summarize the existing knowledge in the literature in terms of the circulating kisspeptin concentration in PCOS women, kisspeptin and metabolic profiles in PCOS women and kisspeptin expression in PCOS animal models.
Method:
A systematic literature search was conducted using “Pubmed,” “Embase,” “Web of Science” for all English language articles published up to July 2018 with the terms “PCOS,” “Stein-Leventhal Syndrome,” “Polycystic ovary syndrome,” “metastins” and “kisspeptin”.
Conclusion:
Overall, kisspeptin levels are higher in the PCOS population, which supports the hypothesis that an over-active KISS1 system leads to enhanced HPG-axis activity, thereby causing irregular menstrual cycles and excessive androgen release in PCOS women.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.