The interaction between livelihood means and land use pattern of households is the core of the interactive coupling of the human-land system. This study focuses on Qinba mountainous area in southern Shaanxi province, a typical poverty-alleviated mountainous area. With the help of the coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation, and trend surface analysis, this study constructs the coupling coordination degree of livelihood efficiency and land use for households, and analyzes the differences between households’ livelihood efficiency and land use level, as well as the coupling coordination relationship between households livelihood efficiency and land use in different types and regions. The research conclusions are as follows. (1) For households in the Qinba mountainous area, southern Shaanxi province, the livelihood efficiency is at a medium level of 0.681, the land use is at a low level of 0.127, while the coupling coordination degree 0.526 is at the primary coordination state. (2) With the increase of nonagricultural degree, the coupling coordination degree of households increases first, and then decreases. (3) The coupling coordination degree for households east-to-west is “sagging”, while south-to-north diagram is “hogging”. (4) The distribution of the coupling coordination degree for agriculture-dependent households east-to-west (the “sagging” diagram) is opposite to the other types of households. By analogy, the distribution of the coupling coordination degree for nonagriculture and agriculture-dependent households north-to-south (the “hogging” diagram) is opposite to the other types of households. The coupling coordination between the households’ livelihood efficiency and land use level is affected by the households’ regional development level, natural resources, geographic location, infrastructure availability and many other factors. Making appropriate livelihood development plans based on the types of households and regional space can both effectively improve the livelihood conditions, as well as offer guidance in promoting regional human-land activity coordination and ensuring sustainable development.
Circular economy is a critical approach to realize the coordinated development of society, economy, and ecological environment. Given the fact that urban is a complex system in which human beings integrate material, energy, information, and natural environment and interact and influence each other, reviewing the urban circular economy research and development could benefit for having a better and comprehensive understanding on urban complexity. Mainly based on the Chinese literature studies from 1999 to 2020, this study aims to present an in-depth analysis of the research themes, policy systems, and index system of Chinaʼs urban-scale circular economy, discuss the changes and evolution trends of themes, levels, and perspectives in time series, sort out the policy systems at both the national and local levels, and analyze the design principles and application fields of indicators. Finally, we propose that future development of an urban circular economy should be built based on modern techniques, technologies, and models. The construction of development mechanism on the circular economy should be framed as “government-led, market-driven, legal norms, policy support, technological support, and public participation” and inject concepts such as “Internet +,” “sharing economy,” “Internet of Things,” and “artificial intelligence.”
The core enterprise oriented entrepreneurship ecosystem plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of innovation and entrepreneurship and realizing the multi-agent win-win symbiosis. Based on the structure of the core enterprise oriented entrepreneurship ecosystem, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model with the participation of core enterprises, start-up enterprises and the government, analyzes the equilibrium point and corresponding stability conditions for the evolutionary game model, and carries out a simulation analysis on different stability conditions from the aspects of the initial willingness of the participants, the intensity of the subsidy and punishment, the cost and benefit of the strategy selection. The results show that: (1) In order to achieve different equilibrium states, different stability conditions should be satisfied, and there may be multiple stable points under each stability condition. (2) The initial intention will positively affect the subject's positive strategy selection, and negatively affect the subject's negative strategy selection. (3) The strategy selections of core enterprises, start-up enterprises and the government will be affected by many factors, and different factors have different influences on the directions and degrees of the main strategy selections. Based on these conclusions, we can build a unified information platform, set up a moderately high, flexible reward and punishment mechanism, and build a multi-party collaborative governance system. In addition, we can also use the stability conditions to judge the development status of the ecosystem to promote the formation of the ideal core enterprise oriented entrepreneurship ecosystem.INDEX TERMS Core enterprises, entrepreneurship ecosystem, evolutionary game, influence factors.
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